EI insulation
Introduction
An electrical insulator, also called an "insulator", is a material whose internal electric charges cannot move causing a low magnitude of current under the influence of an electric field, unlike conductive and semiconductor materials, which easily conduct an electric current. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes insulating materials is their high resistivity compared to semiconductors and conductors.
Perfect electrical insulation does not exist; Even the best insulation contains small mobile carriers (charge carriers), capable of carrying current. Therefore, any type of insulation becomes conductive when a voltage high enough to shoot electrons from the atoms that make up the material is applied to it. This value is known as the breakdown voltage of an insulation. It is commonly attributed as good
Insulate glass, paper and Teflon, which have high resistivity. Insulating materials have the function of avoiding contact between the different conductive parts (insulation of the installation) and protecting people against electrical voltages (protective insulation). An example of these materials are rubber-like polymers, and most plastics which can be thermoset or thermoplastic in nature.
Insulation is widely used in electrical equipment to separate electrical conductors and prevent electrical current from flowing between them. Insulation is also used to cover electrical cables. There are different levels of insulation for electrical cables, in low voltage the two most common are 450/750 V and 0.6/1 kV.[1] The term insulator refers specifically to the insulating supports used to fix transmission or distribution lines to poles and transmission towers. The insulators support the weight of the lines and prevent current from flowing through them to the structure that supports them.
Solid conduction physics
Contenido
De acuerdo con la teoría moderna de la materia (comprobada por resultados experimentales), los átomos de la materia están constituidos por un núcleo cargado positivamente, alrededor del cual giran a gran velocidad cargas eléctricas negativas. Estas cargas negativas, los electrones, son indivisibles e idénticas para toda la materia.
En los elementos llamados conductores, algunos de estos electrones pueden pasar libremente de un átomo a otro cuando se aplica una diferencia de potencial (o tensión eléctrica) entre los extremos del conductor.