Contenido

Dentro de un concepto más amplio, encuadrado en la geovisualización, incluso en la neogeografía, se tienen varios tipos de mapas que se pueden considerar interactivos, con características específicas.

Multimedia cartography

Multimedia mapping is a recent expansion of cartography in response to rapid advances in computer graphics and the communication of information over the Internet.

Thus, cartographers are no longer limited to producing static maps as a single graphic representation of the environment, going on to represent the environment with "hot spots", links and links related to additional information in a database, on a website or in a file of digital images and sounds, something that is routinely produced for commercial map visualization programs available on different media, CD, ePub, primarily on the Internet.[5]​.

Many of these maps are also interactive, and sometimes sound is added to better emphasize features, highlight the importance of particular places, or reinforce changes in numerical quantities over time at certain places on the map.

An example of the capabilities of multimedia cartography are the previous videos of interactive maps that represent aggregate magnitudes at a specific time, such as the number of public-private collaboration projects executed in emerging countries, maps based, in turn, on the World Bank Database, on open access to general and geographic information.[6]​.

dynamic map

A specific type of map in a computational environment is the dynamic map,[note 1]​ also known as map animations, which is based on six dynamic design elements that can be used to facilitate the design of animated maps, being display date, duration, display rate, frequency, display order and synchronization, so that by interweaving the design elements, data measurement levels and their spatial characteristics, all the geographical phenomena reflected in the maps are effectively represented.[7]​.

A widely spread example of a dynamic map are animated maps or animations of weather forecast maps created from loops of satellite images, being a very prominent element in news programs.[5]​.

Other examples of dynamic maps are terrain flyovers, animated thematic maps of statistical data collected over many decades, and depictions of changing physical features over time, such as drifting continents, tsunamis, and forest fires.[5]​.

Many of these maps, perhaps the vast majority, are also interactive, having control elements, such as stop/activation, selection of time periods, geographical areas, countries, or analysis of different variables, sometimes using characteristics of multimedia maps, such as sound.[5]​.

A type that can be considered a dynamic map is one developed or presented in GIF format, a very versatile capacity that allows its dissemination in very diverse computational environments, without requiring special configurations. Generally its interactive relationship is limited to its launch or stop.

It is a technique that can be considered associated with time-lapse, as a continuous sequence of a series of maps that show the evolution of the analyzed phenomenon, and can be presented in that GIF format or as a sequence of images in video mode.

The image sequences in video format represent moving scenes, allowing the generation of video from virtual geographical spaces, synthetic environment or simulated environment, a computational simulation that represents activities with a high level of realism, from the simulation of war theaters to spaces and terrain based on different digital geographical information, such as a Digital Terrain Model with aerial or satellite images acting as a realistic covering of that terrain.[8][9]​.

This resource, like the GIF, allows its dissemination in very diverse digital video formats for management in computational environments, enabling its inclusion in multimedia production processes, special effects and others, without requiring special configurations, except those inherent to the mastery of the necessary technique.

Real time map

A specific case, increasingly developed, is the map that transmits in real time or close to real time information of various types associated with a geographic space, specific or global, related to the phenomenon analyzed,[3]​ resources based on distributed architectures that may include a distributed DBMS, object-oriented relational database management system, which manages data in multiple geographic locations and web services, providing the set with real-time access to the data served, in turn, from different geographic locations, generally on Internet.[10]​.

Examples include "Flightradar24", a global flight tracking service that provides real-time information on thousands of aircraft in flight around the world, something that, for example, made it possible to know the situation of Air Canada Flight 837 at all times. Also "Real-Time Monitor of Natural Events in Central America", citizen alert and training system, or the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, spread and condition.

Los mapas interactivos se desarrollan en múltiples entornos, lenguajes de programación o plataformas digitales específicas, pudiendo ser de tipo gubernamental, privado –generalmente comercial–, individual, colaborativo, académico y otras variadas formas.

De tipo comercial se puede tener como ejemplo Google Maps, de la comercial Alphabet Inc., siendo prototipo de plataforma colaborativa OpenStreetMap, resultando una base de datos espaciales con salida o renderización[nota 2]​ en formato de mapa.

Wikimedia

Wikimedia has plugins and templates specifically oriented towards the creation and management of interactive maps in its own environments, Wikipedia and related projects, resources based on the Kartographer extension, in turn based on OpenStreetMap, which results in the interactive maps of Wikipedia, Wikimedia in general, using OpenStreetMap as a cartographic base.

The need to click on the map, or on the upper right icon, to access the interactive map occurs in the Wikipedia environment, an aspect that can be considered a deficiency or malfunction. In other environments, such as Wikiviajes – article with map in Wikiviajes – you have an interactive map without leaving the textual environment, the context in which that map is embedded. The same thing happens in the Wikimedia Commons environment, the space in which this map is generated, in GeoJSON language, a map later used in other spaces, like this one.

A specific case, in the Wikimedia environment, is that map that, in addition to being interactive, can be considered dynamic, in terms of the information transmitted, information that is the product of a SPARQL query to a specific database, to Wikidata. As a result of this query, the data existing at that moment in Wikidata is obtained, updating the map dynamically when that information is modified.

Thus, in the map of "Governors of US states with political party affiliation", the change of any of them in the political exercise, reflected in Wikidata, name, photograph and link to their possible article in Wikipedia, will be updated in this map, which will be able to change the distribution of colors, without the need for any modification, since the data shown, after consulting those values, will be reflected automatically.

In this way, an article with this map will always provide updated information, since Wikidata behaves like a spatial database, like a spatial data server, to which queries are made in the SPARQL environment, obtaining the information available at that moment in that database, thus resulting in a dynamic map in terms of the information reflected.

Other environments

Other environments and uses, for example only, may be:

• - Iberpix Viewer, web application developed by the National Geographic Institute of Spain "General Directorate of the National Geographic Institute (Spain)"), which aims to provide a tool to facilitate the location of different spaces throughout the entire Spanish territory, with a search engine, different layers and very extensive and training help.

• - Similar or similar resources exist in various administrative areas, from regional to municipal, developed in the environment of Spatial Data Infrastructures, IDEs.

• - Contemporary urban cartography (1800 - 1950), a resource intended for people interested in historical urban cartography, with almost 1000 maps of 131 Spanish cities between the years 1800 and 1950 at the time of its launch, a project developed in the academic environment.

• - Related, The railway and the city in the Iberian Peninsula (1850 - 1950), a resource developed by the same research group.

• - The human map of a decade, an example of the use of dynamic maps in the general press, as well as.

• - This is how immigration in Spain has evolved in the last two decades, province by province, with different management styles.

These interactive maps are usually developed on commercial platforms aimed at this purpose, allowing the integration of maps or other products in their own web spaces, a resource used by different entities, such as the general press, more specifically in the so-called data journalism.

• - Flightradar24, a global flight tracking service that provides real-time information on thousands of aircraft in flight around the world.

• - Real Time Monitor of Natural Events in Central America.

• - Real-time monitoring of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

• - Neogeography.

• - Geovisualization.

• - Geographic Information Systems.

• - Web cartography.

• - Iberpix Viewer.

• - Contemporary urban cartography (1800 - 1950).

• - The railway and the city in the Iberian Peninsula (1850 - 1950).

• - The human map of a decade.

• - This is how immigration in Spain has evolved in the last two decades, province by province.

• - Flightradar24.

• - Real Time Monitor of Natural Events.

• - Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Global Cases (by Johns Hopkins CSSE).

Contenido

Dentro de un concepto más amplio, encuadrado en la geovisualización, incluso en la neogeografía, se tienen varios tipos de mapas que se pueden considerar interactivos, con características específicas.

Multimedia cartography

Multimedia mapping is a recent expansion of cartography in response to rapid advances in computer graphics and the communication of information over the Internet.

Thus, cartographers are no longer limited to producing static maps as a single graphic representation of the environment, going on to represent the environment with "hot spots", links and links related to additional information in a database, on a website or in a file of digital images and sounds, something that is routinely produced for commercial map visualization programs available on different media, CD, ePub, primarily on the Internet.[5]​.

Many of these maps are also interactive, and sometimes sound is added to better emphasize features, highlight the importance of particular places, or reinforce changes in numerical quantities over time at certain places on the map.

An example of the capabilities of multimedia cartography are the previous videos of interactive maps that represent aggregate magnitudes at a specific time, such as the number of public-private collaboration projects executed in emerging countries, maps based, in turn, on the World Bank Database, on open access to general and geographic information.[6]​.

dynamic map

A specific type of map in a computational environment is the dynamic map,[note 1]​ also known as map animations, which is based on six dynamic design elements that can be used to facilitate the design of animated maps, being display date, duration, display rate, frequency, display order and synchronization, so that by interweaving the design elements, data measurement levels and their spatial characteristics, all the geographical phenomena reflected in the maps are effectively represented.[7]​.

A widely spread example of a dynamic map are animated maps or animations of weather forecast maps created from loops of satellite images, being a very prominent element in news programs.[5]​.

Other examples of dynamic maps are terrain flyovers, animated thematic maps of statistical data collected over many decades, and depictions of changing physical features over time, such as drifting continents, tsunamis, and forest fires.[5]​.

Many of these maps, perhaps the vast majority, are also interactive, having control elements, such as stop/activation, selection of time periods, geographical areas, countries, or analysis of different variables, sometimes using characteristics of multimedia maps, such as sound.[5]​.

A type that can be considered a dynamic map is one developed or presented in GIF format, a very versatile capacity that allows its dissemination in very diverse computational environments, without requiring special configurations. Generally its interactive relationship is limited to its launch or stop.

It is a technique that can be considered associated with time-lapse, as a continuous sequence of a series of maps that show the evolution of the analyzed phenomenon, and can be presented in that GIF format or as a sequence of images in video mode.

The image sequences in video format represent moving scenes, allowing the generation of video from virtual geographical spaces, synthetic environment or simulated environment, a computational simulation that represents activities with a high level of realism, from the simulation of war theaters to spaces and terrain based on different digital geographical information, such as a Digital Terrain Model with aerial or satellite images acting as a realistic covering of that terrain.[8][9]​.

This resource, like the GIF, allows its dissemination in very diverse digital video formats for management in computational environments, enabling its inclusion in multimedia production processes, special effects and others, without requiring special configurations, except those inherent to the mastery of the necessary technique.

Real time map

A specific case, increasingly developed, is the map that transmits in real time or close to real time information of various types associated with a geographic space, specific or global, related to the phenomenon analyzed,[3]​ resources based on distributed architectures that may include a distributed DBMS, object-oriented relational database management system, which manages data in multiple geographic locations and web services, providing the set with real-time access to the data served, in turn, from different geographic locations, generally on Internet.[10]​.

Examples include "Flightradar24", a global flight tracking service that provides real-time information on thousands of aircraft in flight around the world, something that, for example, made it possible to know the situation of Air Canada Flight 837 at all times. Also "Real-Time Monitor of Natural Events in Central America", citizen alert and training system, or the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, spread and condition.

Los mapas interactivos se desarrollan en múltiples entornos, lenguajes de programación o plataformas digitales específicas, pudiendo ser de tipo gubernamental, privado –generalmente comercial–, individual, colaborativo, académico y otras variadas formas.

De tipo comercial se puede tener como ejemplo Google Maps, de la comercial Alphabet Inc., siendo prototipo de plataforma colaborativa OpenStreetMap, resultando una base de datos espaciales con salida o renderización[nota 2]​ en formato de mapa.

Wikimedia

Wikimedia has plugins and templates specifically oriented towards the creation and management of interactive maps in its own environments, Wikipedia and related projects, resources based on the Kartographer extension, in turn based on OpenStreetMap, which results in the interactive maps of Wikipedia, Wikimedia in general, using OpenStreetMap as a cartographic base.

The need to click on the map, or on the upper right icon, to access the interactive map occurs in the Wikipedia environment, an aspect that can be considered a deficiency or malfunction. In other environments, such as Wikiviajes – article with map in Wikiviajes – you have an interactive map without leaving the textual environment, the context in which that map is embedded. The same thing happens in the Wikimedia Commons environment, the space in which this map is generated, in GeoJSON language, a map later used in other spaces, like this one.

A specific case, in the Wikimedia environment, is that map that, in addition to being interactive, can be considered dynamic, in terms of the information transmitted, information that is the product of a SPARQL query to a specific database, to Wikidata. As a result of this query, the data existing at that moment in Wikidata is obtained, updating the map dynamically when that information is modified.

Thus, in the map of "Governors of US states with political party affiliation", the change of any of them in the political exercise, reflected in Wikidata, name, photograph and link to their possible article in Wikipedia, will be updated in this map, which will be able to change the distribution of colors, without the need for any modification, since the data shown, after consulting those values, will be reflected automatically.

In this way, an article with this map will always provide updated information, since Wikidata behaves like a spatial database, like a spatial data server, to which queries are made in the SPARQL environment, obtaining the information available at that moment in that database, thus resulting in a dynamic map in terms of the information reflected.

Other environments

Other environments and uses, for example only, may be:

• - Iberpix Viewer, web application developed by the National Geographic Institute of Spain "General Directorate of the National Geographic Institute (Spain)"), which aims to provide a tool to facilitate the location of different spaces throughout the entire Spanish territory, with a search engine, different layers and very extensive and training help.

• - Similar or similar resources exist in various administrative areas, from regional to municipal, developed in the environment of Spatial Data Infrastructures, IDEs.

• - Contemporary urban cartography (1800 - 1950), a resource intended for people interested in historical urban cartography, with almost 1000 maps of 131 Spanish cities between the years 1800 and 1950 at the time of its launch, a project developed in the academic environment.

• - Related, The railway and the city in the Iberian Peninsula (1850 - 1950), a resource developed by the same research group.

• - The human map of a decade, an example of the use of dynamic maps in the general press, as well as.

• - This is how immigration in Spain has evolved in the last two decades, province by province, with different management styles.

These interactive maps are usually developed on commercial platforms aimed at this purpose, allowing the integration of maps or other products in their own web spaces, a resource used by different entities, such as the general press, more specifically in the so-called data journalism.

• - Flightradar24, a global flight tracking service that provides real-time information on thousands of aircraft in flight around the world.

• - Real Time Monitor of Natural Events in Central America.

• - Real-time monitoring of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

• - Neogeography.

• - Geovisualization.

• - Geographic Information Systems.

• - Web cartography.

• - Iberpix Viewer.

• - Contemporary urban cartography (1800 - 1950).

• - The railway and the city in the Iberian Peninsula (1850 - 1950).

• - The human map of a decade.

• - This is how immigration in Spain has evolved in the last two decades, province by province.

• - Flightradar24.

• - Real Time Monitor of Natural Events.

• - Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Global Cases (by Johns Hopkins CSSE).