Disinfection units
Introduction
The purpose of disinfection of water for human use is to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms contained in the water that have not been eliminated in the initial phases of water treatment.
Water disinfection is a necessary operation in the drinking water treatment plant, to prevent it from being harmful to our health. Many times, when it comes to water from natural springs or wells, disinfection is the only treatment given to the water to obtain drinking water because it constitutes an effective barrier for the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms (especially bacteria). Disinfection can be done by chemical or physical means and must be used in both surface water and groundwater.
Technologies for the disinfection of drinking water
biological environment
The biological disinfection mechanism is achieved when, after 2 or 3 weeks of filling the filter, the biological layer has matured. This process is based on the role of beneficial bacteria carried by water, which use organic matter as a food source, allowing them to multiply to consolidate the biological layer. Bacteria oxidize organic matter to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolism. The filters for the rainwater collection systems that PAHO/WHO has distributed incorporate an activated carbon candle that helps in the removal of residues resulting from the degradation of the biological layer. Currently, filters that exclude sand incorporate a filtration system composed of a porous ceramic candle, activated carbon and colloidal silver that has a microbicidal effect by blocking the enzyme that aerobic microorganisms need to process the oxygen required for their survival.[1].
Chemical means
The most used chemical compounds for water disinfection are:
Other chemical means:
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chlorine disinfection of water for human consumption is recognized as one of the greatest public health achievements of the century.[4] However, a public health concern arises: the presence of disinfection byproducts, due to chlorine disinfection of drinking water, due to a possible carcinogenic connection. For this reason, there has been a progressive adjustment in the quality standards for drinking water with regard to the maximum acceptable concentration of trihalomethanes (TTHM). There is also the problem that some chemical disinfectants are toxic and may harm health.