Binary

In 1703 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz explained and conceived the concept that would become known as "digitization", in his publication Explanation de l'Arithmétique Binaire.[10] Initially developed as a base-2 numerical system, representing two values: either 1 or 0. The system was later developed and complemented by scholars such as George Boole (1854),[11] Claude Elwood Shannon (1938)[12]​ and George Stibitz (during the 1940s).[13]​.

In principle, the internet that we know today was an idea generally credited to the North American Leonard Kleinrock, engineer, computer scientist and professor of Computer Science at UCLA, who mentions it in his publication Information Flow in Large Communication Networks, in May 1961.

This network was created in 1969 and was called ARPANET. ... The development of networks was abysmal, and new free access networks were created that later joined NSFNET, forming the embryo of what we know today as INTERNET..

The Internet has revolutionized the world. Today it turns 40 years old and has reached more than 2.4 billion users. The internet has been evolving since 1969, when the first connection was made between the computers at Stanford and UCLA, when ARPANET was also born.

First digital computers

Today, Stibitz is considered one of many pioneers of the digital computer, through the development of the first electromechanical computer through his discovery, automatic computer relays. Also, he coined the term 'digital'. The first electronic computer was introduced by John Atanasoff in 1939. The process of digitization accelerated with the development of personal computers such as the Simon in 1950, Apple II in 1977 and IBM PC in 1981.

Accelerated change

With the introduction of the World Wide Web, the scope, dimension, scale, speed, and effects of digitalization fundamentally changed, leading to greater pressure on the process of transforming societies.[14]​.

In 2000, digitalization began to be used more widely as a concept and argument for a general introduction into IT governance, as well as greater use of the Internet and IT at all levels. A similar development began in the general business climate in order to increase awareness of the issue and opportunity. In the EU, for example, a so-called Digital Single Market was developed, with recommendations for national digital agendas in the EU, which should gradually and positively contribute to the future transformation of society, with a more modern development of communities and structures; and to create a basis for e-governance and the information society.

Impact

Therefore, the debate on digitalization has acquired greater practical importance for political, business and social issues, and is linked to issues of political work for community development, new changes in practical business approaches[15]​ and effective opportunities for organizations in the development of operational and business processes, with effect on internal and external IT efficiency to name a few.

Impact in Latin America

In Latin America, digital transformation has driven the emergence of technology companies that offer solutions adapted to the needs of the region. In the case of Peru, the technological ecosystem has shown sustained growth in recent years with the emergence of companies specialized in web development, automation and digital optimization, such as Impulsa Studio, which collaborates with local companies in the implementation of digital strategies aimed at efficiency and innovation.[16]​.

Contenido

La Conversión analógica-digital es un subproceso de un progreso tecnológico mucho mayor (ver a continuación): conversión analógica-digital (la conversión), digitalización (el proceso) y la transformación digital (el efecto) que aceleran colectivamente el proceso de transformación global y social.

Conforme pasa el tiempo, el Internet fluirá en nuestras vidas como la electricidad según algunos patrones estudiados por expertos en tecnología para el año 2025.

Las predicciones de estos estudios vislumbran que la mayoría de la gente accederá de forma tan sencilla al Internet, que hasta la ropa estará conectada permanentemente a la Web.

El uso de tecnología móvil permitirá disfrutar de una “realidad aumentada” que añadirá información al mundo real. Ya no será necesario estar sentado frente a una pantalla, un teclado y un mouse para que el Internet interactúe con nosotros. La proliferación de sensores inteligentes, cámaras, software, bases de datos, centros de datos, es decir, el tejido que se está creando de información a nivel global es lo que llamamos el Internet de las Cosas, donde todo estará conectado a la Web..

El Internet del Futuro va a permitir introducir nuevas formas de colaboración, va a ofrecer muchas más posibilidades a los investigadores que van a poder disponer de más medios y más datos para sus investigaciones. Las oportunidades que se ofrecen para el futuro son inmensas y en algunos aspectos todavía nos puede sorprender que todos estos cambios estén a la vuelta de la esquina.

Analog-digital conversion

In political, business, commercial and general media discourses, analog-digital conversion is defined as "the conversion of analog information to digital form" (i.e., to numerical and binary format). Analog-digital conversion technically involves the representation of signals, images, sounds and objects, generating a series of numbers, that is, expressing them as a discrete value. Most sectors and industries in media, banking and finance, telecommunications, health technology and healthcare, have been heavily affected by this information conversion.().

Digitization

Unlike analog-digital conversion, digitalization is the actual "process" of technologically induced change within these industries. This process has enabled many of the phenomena known today such as the Internet of Things, Industrial Internet), Industry 4.0, Big data, machine-to-machine communication, Blockchain), Cryptocurrencies, etc.

The academic discussion surrounding digitalization has been described as problematic as no clear definition of the phenomena has been previously developed.[17] A common misconception is that digitalization essentially means the use of more IT, in order to enable and enable digital technology and data. However, this early definition has largely been replaced by the definition in the previous paragraph, now linked to holistic views on business and social change, horizontal business and organizational development, as well as IT.

Digital transformation

Finally, digital transformation is described as "the total and global social effect of digitalization." The Analogue-Digital Conversion has enabled the digitalization process, which gave rise to greater opportunities to transform and change business models, socio-economic structures, legal and political measures, organizational patterns, cultural barriers, etc. existing so far. This is a concept taken from the private sector that was later handled in the public sphere, mainly used to refer to the need to use new technologies to maintain competitiveness in the Internet era; stage in which services are provided in person and online.

When it comes to digital transformation of the public sector, a term used synonymously is electronic government. Here, the main aspect is to make service delivery more accessible and efficient for citizens; leading to improvements in the services provided and greater efficiency of the State. Some of the values ​​that are sought to increase with the digital transformation of the State are transparency, equity, equality, justice, security, reliability and, in general, respect for due process.

Therefore, analogue-digital conversion (the conversion), digitalization (the process) and digital transformation (the effect) accelerate and illuminate the processes of change in society, already existing and ongoing, both horizontal and global. Beyond technological implementation or the digitization of processes and/or services, a Digital Transformation implies a change in mentality and the creation of a transformation culture that empathizes with change, and is willing to accept it.[18]​.

With this digital transformation there is a new way of discussing them. Social media as the protagonists, they came to change the way in which individuals relate and act as a society. Technology and society are frequently in constant change, which are led by citizen journalists, where they exercise digital citizenship so that they can debate a set on the network.[19]​.

Today, companies of different natures are constantly seeking digital transformation procedures to take advantage of key aspects such as productivity and efficiency. The natural alignment between business and architecture within big technologies has driven their transformation and new approaches are being introduced for this purpose, such as Data MAPs, which present a new architectural paradigm (On-Platform Organizations), among others. As businesses embark on digital transformation journeys, adopting these types of approaches becomes crucial to staying competitive in a rapidly evolving landscape.

This transformation brings with it business ideas, technological innovation in companies, which implies changes in the way of operation, organizational culture, customer service, reorganization of strategies, processes and, most importantly, taking advantage of digital.[20]​.

Digital Implementation Platform (PID)

The PID is used to help new employees learn how to use the application at work by completing tasks with real-time instructions.[21]​ The PID can also be a solution when introducing an updated or consolidated application for the first time. The personalized and contextual automated support provided by PID reduces the need for manual intervention and reliance on offline learning.[22]​.

An institution can gain insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of its application ecosystem, allowing it to understand and correct weaknesses in its workflows.[23] Enterprises can identify application components that lead to ineffective and poor user performance, and then make the necessary configuration changes or decide whether additional employee training is necessary.[24] Using PIDs has been reported to increase user retention and engagement rates, product adoption, and application return on investment. internal.[25]​.

Digital enablers

The digital transformation process requires more than technology itself, but also a series of factors, such as the professional environment and business culture, that make the transformation and successful adaptation of the industry possible. To achieve this, digital tools and platforms are used, which together are known (especially in the terminology of Industry 4.0) as digital enablers (in English: digital enablers).[26]​[27]​ Digital enablers have the ability to drive the digital transformation of the industry,[28]​ and their definition may vary depending on the industry, although they usually have similar features.

According to the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness, among a wide variety of digital enablers, the following have been considered sectorally relevant: Hybridization of the physical and digital world, communication and data processing, new manufacturing systems, and connection of the company with the consumer.[29]​.

The tools used can be used for market research, promotion "Promotion (marketing)"), education and development around applied technologies according to the sector and objective, such as digital marketing, gamification or blockchain.

Opportunities and challenges

When planning for digital transformation, organizations must take into account the cultural changes they will face as the organization's workers and leaders adjust to the adoption and reliance on unfamiliar technologies.[30]​ Digital transformation has created unique challenges and opportunities in the marketplace, as organizations must contend with agile competitors that take advantage of the low barrier to entry that this technology provides.[31]​.

Although companies know the urgency of promoting digital transformation from within, managerial variables that allow the continuity of strategies are omitted. These changes affect all the processes of the organization's value chain, as well as its products, its sales channels, organizational structure, and even its management concepts. For this reason, it is important to have different management perspectives that carry out business projection scenarios in accordance with organizational objectives.[32]​ Increasing the development of devices and the use of technologies (even existing ones) for the benefit of the end user is a titanic task yet to be completed. Every day devices can measure users' health information more accurately through artificial intelligence, geolocation and even augmented reality. More networks are created to improve well-being and mental health (which could be a whole separate article) and even more and more digital entrepreneurs are launching innovations that contribute to the health of millions of people.[33]​.

Depending on the scope of activity of the company or organization, different types of digital transformation could be undertaken. Considering different examples of digital transformation, we would reach the conclusion that the technologies and process optimizations that could be proposed for financial services would be different from those most appropriate for the agriculture sector, for example.

Finally, a digital transformation is necessary that, having an important cultural component, involves changing the digital chip not only of the company that carries it out, but of the community itself, a community in which precisely each of the elements that are intertwined to achieve this change must be aligned like planets in a galaxy, working like the gears of an airplane engine, always seeking benefits for each element and therefore for the community.[34]​.

Other studies

In November 2011, a three-year study conducted by the MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting concluded that only one-third of companies worldwide have an effective digital transformation program of their own.[35]

The study defined an "effective digital transformation program" as one that has:.

A report published in 2013 by Booz & Company warns that the impact of analogue-digital conversion is "not uniform".[36] This indicates that some sectors and countries have embraced analogue-digital conversion more easily than others. It concludes that "policymakers need to develop analogue-digital conversion plans in all sectors that take into account the variable impact by level of economic and sector development."

A 2015 report by the MIT Center for Digital Business and Deloitte concluded that "mature digital businesses are focused on integrating digital technologies, such as social, mobile, analytics, and cloud, in service of transforming how business is done. Less mature businesses are focused on solving discrete business problems with individual digital technologies."[37]​ The future of the internet

• The internet promises to expand its network to 5GB

• You will see evolutions in virtual reality games, thus improving the user experience

• AI will be more useful to the point of being used on a daily basis, evolving its experience

• Vehicles and household objects can now be connected to the network and used digitally

• Today's applications will have the ability to hide the user's personal identity through passwords and face photos.

'Text in bold.

In 2018, Spain was, along with Ireland, the country that made the most progress in digitalization according to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI),[38]​ a report prepared by the European Commission. In that year, Spain ranked tenth, improving two places on the latest data from 2017, ahead of Germany, France or Italy, but far from the leaders of the table, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

The report highlighted that the results were good in connectivity thanks to the wide availability of fixed and mobile broadband networks and their progressive implementation. Businesses were taking full advantage of advances in digital technologies, increasingly turning to social media, e-invoicing, cloud services and e-commerce. And he appeared in the highest positions in electronic administration. The DESI") also highlighted other aspects negatively, such as that despite the improvement in human capital and the use of Internet services, Spain was still slightly below the average, two points exactly. Specifically, a fifth of Spaniards were not yet online and close to half of its citizens lacked basic digital skills, although it had access infrastructures above the average. Furthermore, despite the increase in demand in the labor market, the supply of ICT specialists continued being below the European Union average.[39]​.

Banking, telecommunications, retail and tourism were the most advanced sectors, all of them in the third sector, followed by industry, transport, the public sector and energy. While construction and education were at the back. The so-called B2C (business to consumer) sectors were transformed during the years after the 2018 study, seeking retention or new users through a better experience thanks to e-commerce or electronic commerce.

SMEs (small and medium-sized companies) are those that were in a low situation, specifically those that had less than ten workers. And specifically, these types of companies constituted 99% of the business fabric in Spain. According to data from the INE,[40] almost 100% of SMEs had basic ICT tools, while in micro-SMEs it reached 76%. In reference to social networks, about 50% of SMEs used them, and only 35% in micro-SMEs, and the use of big data or cloud services, 11.2% and 24.6%, respectively, in those with more than 10 employees, compared to only 7.4% in those with fewer. According to a report from the Vodafone Business Observatory,[41]​ only 14% of small companies had a digitalization plan, compared to 70% of large companies.[42]​.

Spain, which since 2020 has strengthened its digitalization and digital transformation policies through the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation, in 2023 established a department exclusively for these matters, the Ministry of Digital Transformation.[43]​.

The digital transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean advances unevenly between countries and sectors, conditioned by gaps in infrastructure, digital skills and regulatory frameworks.[44] Despite these disparities, the region has experienced accelerated growth in the digitalization of financial services, electronic commerce and labor and service intermediation platforms.

The process has been driven by the increase in mobile connectivity—which in 2023 exceeded 75% penetration on a regional average—and by the massive adoption of digital payments, boosted during the COVID-19 pandemic.[45]​.

Technology companies of regional origin have become key actors in this transformation. The Argentine Mercado Libre consolidated an ecosystem of electronic commerce and digital financial services (Mercado Pago) that operates in more than 18 countries. In Brazil, the digital bank Nubank leads the financial inclusion of millions of unbanked users through fully mobile services.[46]​ In turn, the Colombian Rappi has expanded the model of delivery platforms and on-demand services, also integrating financial and digital loyalty solutions.

According to the OECD, the development of digital capabilities in the region depends on coordinated public policies that integrate connectivity, job training and data protection frameworks.[47] Multilateral organizations agree that Latin American digital transformation has significant potential to reduce structural gaps and diversify the productive matrix, provided that technological innovation is combined with social and financial inclusion.

Binary

In 1703 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz explained and conceived the concept that would become known as "digitization", in his publication Explanation de l'Arithmétique Binaire.[10] Initially developed as a base-2 numerical system, representing two values: either 1 or 0. The system was later developed and complemented by scholars such as George Boole (1854),[11] Claude Elwood Shannon (1938)[12]​ and George Stibitz (during the 1940s).[13]​.

In principle, the internet that we know today was an idea generally credited to the North American Leonard Kleinrock, engineer, computer scientist and professor of Computer Science at UCLA, who mentions it in his publication Information Flow in Large Communication Networks, in May 1961.

This network was created in 1969 and was called ARPANET. ... The development of networks was abysmal, and new free access networks were created that later joined NSFNET, forming the embryo of what we know today as INTERNET..

The Internet has revolutionized the world. Today it turns 40 years old and has reached more than 2.4 billion users. The internet has been evolving since 1969, when the first connection was made between the computers at Stanford and UCLA, when ARPANET was also born.

First digital computers

Today, Stibitz is considered one of many pioneers of the digital computer, through the development of the first electromechanical computer through his discovery, automatic computer relays. Also, he coined the term 'digital'. The first electronic computer was introduced by John Atanasoff in 1939. The process of digitization accelerated with the development of personal computers such as the Simon in 1950, Apple II in 1977 and IBM PC in 1981.

Accelerated change

With the introduction of the World Wide Web, the scope, dimension, scale, speed, and effects of digitalization fundamentally changed, leading to greater pressure on the process of transforming societies.[14]​.

In 2000, digitalization began to be used more widely as a concept and argument for a general introduction into IT governance, as well as greater use of the Internet and IT at all levels. A similar development began in the general business climate in order to increase awareness of the issue and opportunity. In the EU, for example, a so-called Digital Single Market was developed, with recommendations for national digital agendas in the EU, which should gradually and positively contribute to the future transformation of society, with a more modern development of communities and structures; and to create a basis for e-governance and the information society.

Impact

Therefore, the debate on digitalization has acquired greater practical importance for political, business and social issues, and is linked to issues of political work for community development, new changes in practical business approaches[15]​ and effective opportunities for organizations in the development of operational and business processes, with effect on internal and external IT efficiency to name a few.

Impact in Latin America

In Latin America, digital transformation has driven the emergence of technology companies that offer solutions adapted to the needs of the region. In the case of Peru, the technological ecosystem has shown sustained growth in recent years with the emergence of companies specialized in web development, automation and digital optimization, such as Impulsa Studio, which collaborates with local companies in the implementation of digital strategies aimed at efficiency and innovation.[16]​.

Contenido

La Conversión analógica-digital es un subproceso de un progreso tecnológico mucho mayor (ver a continuación): conversión analógica-digital (la conversión), digitalización (el proceso) y la transformación digital (el efecto) que aceleran colectivamente el proceso de transformación global y social.

Conforme pasa el tiempo, el Internet fluirá en nuestras vidas como la electricidad según algunos patrones estudiados por expertos en tecnología para el año 2025.

Las predicciones de estos estudios vislumbran que la mayoría de la gente accederá de forma tan sencilla al Internet, que hasta la ropa estará conectada permanentemente a la Web.

El uso de tecnología móvil permitirá disfrutar de una “realidad aumentada” que añadirá información al mundo real. Ya no será necesario estar sentado frente a una pantalla, un teclado y un mouse para que el Internet interactúe con nosotros. La proliferación de sensores inteligentes, cámaras, software, bases de datos, centros de datos, es decir, el tejido que se está creando de información a nivel global es lo que llamamos el Internet de las Cosas, donde todo estará conectado a la Web..

El Internet del Futuro va a permitir introducir nuevas formas de colaboración, va a ofrecer muchas más posibilidades a los investigadores que van a poder disponer de más medios y más datos para sus investigaciones. Las oportunidades que se ofrecen para el futuro son inmensas y en algunos aspectos todavía nos puede sorprender que todos estos cambios estén a la vuelta de la esquina.

Analog-digital conversion

In political, business, commercial and general media discourses, analog-digital conversion is defined as "the conversion of analog information to digital form" (i.e., to numerical and binary format). Analog-digital conversion technically involves the representation of signals, images, sounds and objects, generating a series of numbers, that is, expressing them as a discrete value. Most sectors and industries in media, banking and finance, telecommunications, health technology and healthcare, have been heavily affected by this information conversion.().

Digitization

Unlike analog-digital conversion, digitalization is the actual "process" of technologically induced change within these industries. This process has enabled many of the phenomena known today such as the Internet of Things, Industrial Internet), Industry 4.0, Big data, machine-to-machine communication, Blockchain), Cryptocurrencies, etc.

The academic discussion surrounding digitalization has been described as problematic as no clear definition of the phenomena has been previously developed.[17] A common misconception is that digitalization essentially means the use of more IT, in order to enable and enable digital technology and data. However, this early definition has largely been replaced by the definition in the previous paragraph, now linked to holistic views on business and social change, horizontal business and organizational development, as well as IT.

Digital transformation

Finally, digital transformation is described as "the total and global social effect of digitalization." The Analogue-Digital Conversion has enabled the digitalization process, which gave rise to greater opportunities to transform and change business models, socio-economic structures, legal and political measures, organizational patterns, cultural barriers, etc. existing so far. This is a concept taken from the private sector that was later handled in the public sphere, mainly used to refer to the need to use new technologies to maintain competitiveness in the Internet era; stage in which services are provided in person and online.

When it comes to digital transformation of the public sector, a term used synonymously is electronic government. Here, the main aspect is to make service delivery more accessible and efficient for citizens; leading to improvements in the services provided and greater efficiency of the State. Some of the values ​​that are sought to increase with the digital transformation of the State are transparency, equity, equality, justice, security, reliability and, in general, respect for due process.

Therefore, analogue-digital conversion (the conversion), digitalization (the process) and digital transformation (the effect) accelerate and illuminate the processes of change in society, already existing and ongoing, both horizontal and global. Beyond technological implementation or the digitization of processes and/or services, a Digital Transformation implies a change in mentality and the creation of a transformation culture that empathizes with change, and is willing to accept it.[18]​.

With this digital transformation there is a new way of discussing them. Social media as the protagonists, they came to change the way in which individuals relate and act as a society. Technology and society are frequently in constant change, which are led by citizen journalists, where they exercise digital citizenship so that they can debate a set on the network.[19]​.

Today, companies of different natures are constantly seeking digital transformation procedures to take advantage of key aspects such as productivity and efficiency. The natural alignment between business and architecture within big technologies has driven their transformation and new approaches are being introduced for this purpose, such as Data MAPs, which present a new architectural paradigm (On-Platform Organizations), among others. As businesses embark on digital transformation journeys, adopting these types of approaches becomes crucial to staying competitive in a rapidly evolving landscape.

This transformation brings with it business ideas, technological innovation in companies, which implies changes in the way of operation, organizational culture, customer service, reorganization of strategies, processes and, most importantly, taking advantage of digital.[20]​.

Digital Implementation Platform (PID)

The PID is used to help new employees learn how to use the application at work by completing tasks with real-time instructions.[21]​ The PID can also be a solution when introducing an updated or consolidated application for the first time. The personalized and contextual automated support provided by PID reduces the need for manual intervention and reliance on offline learning.[22]​.

An institution can gain insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of its application ecosystem, allowing it to understand and correct weaknesses in its workflows.[23] Enterprises can identify application components that lead to ineffective and poor user performance, and then make the necessary configuration changes or decide whether additional employee training is necessary.[24] Using PIDs has been reported to increase user retention and engagement rates, product adoption, and application return on investment. internal.[25]​.

Digital enablers

The digital transformation process requires more than technology itself, but also a series of factors, such as the professional environment and business culture, that make the transformation and successful adaptation of the industry possible. To achieve this, digital tools and platforms are used, which together are known (especially in the terminology of Industry 4.0) as digital enablers (in English: digital enablers).[26]​[27]​ Digital enablers have the ability to drive the digital transformation of the industry,[28]​ and their definition may vary depending on the industry, although they usually have similar features.

According to the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness, among a wide variety of digital enablers, the following have been considered sectorally relevant: Hybridization of the physical and digital world, communication and data processing, new manufacturing systems, and connection of the company with the consumer.[29]​.

The tools used can be used for market research, promotion "Promotion (marketing)"), education and development around applied technologies according to the sector and objective, such as digital marketing, gamification or blockchain.

Opportunities and challenges

When planning for digital transformation, organizations must take into account the cultural changes they will face as the organization's workers and leaders adjust to the adoption and reliance on unfamiliar technologies.[30]​ Digital transformation has created unique challenges and opportunities in the marketplace, as organizations must contend with agile competitors that take advantage of the low barrier to entry that this technology provides.[31]​.

Although companies know the urgency of promoting digital transformation from within, managerial variables that allow the continuity of strategies are omitted. These changes affect all the processes of the organization's value chain, as well as its products, its sales channels, organizational structure, and even its management concepts. For this reason, it is important to have different management perspectives that carry out business projection scenarios in accordance with organizational objectives.[32]​ Increasing the development of devices and the use of technologies (even existing ones) for the benefit of the end user is a titanic task yet to be completed. Every day devices can measure users' health information more accurately through artificial intelligence, geolocation and even augmented reality. More networks are created to improve well-being and mental health (which could be a whole separate article) and even more and more digital entrepreneurs are launching innovations that contribute to the health of millions of people.[33]​.

Depending on the scope of activity of the company or organization, different types of digital transformation could be undertaken. Considering different examples of digital transformation, we would reach the conclusion that the technologies and process optimizations that could be proposed for financial services would be different from those most appropriate for the agriculture sector, for example.

Finally, a digital transformation is necessary that, having an important cultural component, involves changing the digital chip not only of the company that carries it out, but of the community itself, a community in which precisely each of the elements that are intertwined to achieve this change must be aligned like planets in a galaxy, working like the gears of an airplane engine, always seeking benefits for each element and therefore for the community.[34]​.

Other studies

In November 2011, a three-year study conducted by the MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting concluded that only one-third of companies worldwide have an effective digital transformation program of their own.[35]

The study defined an "effective digital transformation program" as one that has:.

A report published in 2013 by Booz & Company warns that the impact of analogue-digital conversion is "not uniform".[36] This indicates that some sectors and countries have embraced analogue-digital conversion more easily than others. It concludes that "policymakers need to develop analogue-digital conversion plans in all sectors that take into account the variable impact by level of economic and sector development."

A 2015 report by the MIT Center for Digital Business and Deloitte concluded that "mature digital businesses are focused on integrating digital technologies, such as social, mobile, analytics, and cloud, in service of transforming how business is done. Less mature businesses are focused on solving discrete business problems with individual digital technologies."[37]​ The future of the internet

• The internet promises to expand its network to 5GB

• You will see evolutions in virtual reality games, thus improving the user experience

• AI will be more useful to the point of being used on a daily basis, evolving its experience

• Vehicles and household objects can now be connected to the network and used digitally

• Today's applications will have the ability to hide the user's personal identity through passwords and face photos.

'Text in bold.

In 2018, Spain was, along with Ireland, the country that made the most progress in digitalization according to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI),[38]​ a report prepared by the European Commission. In that year, Spain ranked tenth, improving two places on the latest data from 2017, ahead of Germany, France or Italy, but far from the leaders of the table, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

The report highlighted that the results were good in connectivity thanks to the wide availability of fixed and mobile broadband networks and their progressive implementation. Businesses were taking full advantage of advances in digital technologies, increasingly turning to social media, e-invoicing, cloud services and e-commerce. And he appeared in the highest positions in electronic administration. The DESI") also highlighted other aspects negatively, such as that despite the improvement in human capital and the use of Internet services, Spain was still slightly below the average, two points exactly. Specifically, a fifth of Spaniards were not yet online and close to half of its citizens lacked basic digital skills, although it had access infrastructures above the average. Furthermore, despite the increase in demand in the labor market, the supply of ICT specialists continued being below the European Union average.[39]​.

Banking, telecommunications, retail and tourism were the most advanced sectors, all of them in the third sector, followed by industry, transport, the public sector and energy. While construction and education were at the back. The so-called B2C (business to consumer) sectors were transformed during the years after the 2018 study, seeking retention or new users through a better experience thanks to e-commerce or electronic commerce.

SMEs (small and medium-sized companies) are those that were in a low situation, specifically those that had less than ten workers. And specifically, these types of companies constituted 99% of the business fabric in Spain. According to data from the INE,[40] almost 100% of SMEs had basic ICT tools, while in micro-SMEs it reached 76%. In reference to social networks, about 50% of SMEs used them, and only 35% in micro-SMEs, and the use of big data or cloud services, 11.2% and 24.6%, respectively, in those with more than 10 employees, compared to only 7.4% in those with fewer. According to a report from the Vodafone Business Observatory,[41]​ only 14% of small companies had a digitalization plan, compared to 70% of large companies.[42]​.

Spain, which since 2020 has strengthened its digitalization and digital transformation policies through the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation, in 2023 established a department exclusively for these matters, the Ministry of Digital Transformation.[43]​.

The digital transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean advances unevenly between countries and sectors, conditioned by gaps in infrastructure, digital skills and regulatory frameworks.[44] Despite these disparities, the region has experienced accelerated growth in the digitalization of financial services, electronic commerce and labor and service intermediation platforms.

The process has been driven by the increase in mobile connectivity—which in 2023 exceeded 75% penetration on a regional average—and by the massive adoption of digital payments, boosted during the COVID-19 pandemic.[45]​.

Technology companies of regional origin have become key actors in this transformation. The Argentine Mercado Libre consolidated an ecosystem of electronic commerce and digital financial services (Mercado Pago) that operates in more than 18 countries. In Brazil, the digital bank Nubank leads the financial inclusion of millions of unbanked users through fully mobile services.[46]​ In turn, the Colombian Rappi has expanded the model of delivery platforms and on-demand services, also integrating financial and digital loyalty solutions.

According to the OECD, the development of digital capabilities in the region depends on coordinated public policies that integrate connectivity, job training and data protection frameworks.[47] Multilateral organizations agree that Latin American digital transformation has significant potential to reduce structural gaps and diversify the productive matrix, provided that technological innovation is combined with social and financial inclusion.