The Economic and Social Development Plans were three indicative planning plans with which the economic structural period called Autarky, which dated back to the post-war period, was overcome. They start from the Stabilization Plan of 1959 and their eponym was Laureano López Rodó. They caused powerful economic growth, with a cumulative average rate of 7.2% annual increase in GDP. Those years are known as Developmentalism. Much of the success of the plans was based on an unbalanced trade balance (imports allowed economic take-off), whose deficit was compensated with remittances from Spanish emigration to Europe and income from tourism, apart from direct inflows of foreign capital, which were liberalized. The industrialization "Industry in Spain") had the existence of the so-called development poles"): areas of preferential installation of industrial companies, such as Valladolid[1] and Vigo (where Renault and Citroën automobile factories were installed respectively), Puertollano (refinery), etc.
History
It was implemented following the French model of indicative planning. This planning forced the public and private sectors to follow a credit and fiscal policy in order to achieve their objectives.[2].
An ad hoc ministry was created, the Ministry of Development Planning "Ministerio de Planning del Desarrollo (Spain)"), which from 1962 to 1973 was occupied by Laureano López Rodó,[3] a prominent person among the so-called technocrats of Opus Dei, a group that acted as one of the families of Francoism with greater control over the economic area, at least until the outbreak of the Matesa scandal (1969).
The Third Development Plan had to be declared unfinished, due to financial strangulation, beginning the structural transition of the Spanish economy (industrial reconversion), which would overlap with the political transition after Franco's death; transitions that would extend until well into the 1980s, with the entry of Spain into the European Community, when the economic model was launched that has had construction as an industrial locomotive and that has been financed with European aid itself and through the massive indebtedness of households and financial and non-financial companies abroad.
There were three Development Plans, successively:.
The Development Poles were established to try to compensate for the gradual disappearance of the rural world. However, the area that was privileged was the Spanish Mediterranean. It was a real rain of millions from the US, the IMF and the World Bank, as well as a massive influx of working class tourists who began to travel to the new tourist destination, Spain, in search of sun and sand and for its low costs of living, which allowed them a cheap trip compared to other European destinations.
Development pole
Introduction
The Economic and Social Development Plans were three indicative planning plans with which the economic structural period called Autarky, which dated back to the post-war period, was overcome. They start from the Stabilization Plan of 1959 and their eponym was Laureano López Rodó. They caused powerful economic growth, with a cumulative average rate of 7.2% annual increase in GDP. Those years are known as Developmentalism. Much of the success of the plans was based on an unbalanced trade balance (imports allowed economic take-off), whose deficit was compensated with remittances from Spanish emigration to Europe and income from tourism, apart from direct inflows of foreign capital, which were liberalized. The industrialization "Industry in Spain") had the existence of the so-called development poles"): areas of preferential installation of industrial companies, such as Valladolid[1] and Vigo (where Renault and Citroën automobile factories were installed respectively), Puertollano (refinery), etc.
History
It was implemented following the French model of indicative planning. This planning forced the public and private sectors to follow a credit and fiscal policy in order to achieve their objectives.[2].
An ad hoc ministry was created, the Ministry of Development Planning "Ministerio de Planning del Desarrollo (Spain)"), which from 1962 to 1973 was occupied by Laureano López Rodó,[3] a prominent person among the so-called technocrats of Opus Dei, a group that acted as one of the families of Francoism with greater control over the economic area, at least until the outbreak of the Matesa scandal (1969).
The Third Development Plan had to be declared unfinished, due to financial strangulation, beginning the structural transition of the Spanish economy (industrial reconversion), which would overlap with the political transition after Franco's death; transitions that would extend until well into the 1980s, with the entry of Spain into the European Community, when the economic model was launched that has had construction as an industrial locomotive and that has been financed with European aid itself and through the massive indebtedness of households and financial and non-financial companies abroad.
The Mediterranean was one of the areas that benefited the most, thanks to that tourism industry that, however, suffered from the labor and economic instability that still persists today. The flat geography, easy access by sea for goods, communication between Europe and North Africa through Algeciras, etc. They gave it relevant competitive advantages. Today these coastal areas have a very varied standard of living between the different regions of Spain and, except for Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Basque Country, they are below the European average.
If between 1950 and 1970 the mechanization of the countryside produced a surplus of labor of about 2,300,000 workers[5] (most of whose families lived in subsistence conditions), a large part was successively absorbed by emigration to America and Europe, as well as to urban areas. Thus, emergency social situations occurred on the periphery of large cities, such as shantytowns.[6] The construction of new homes to alleviate this led to an increase in the demand for consumer goods that resulted in an increase in investments and employment.
To compensate for the competitive disadvantages of inland areas, these development plans already involved a drain of resources from growing regions to less dynamic ones. But the latest research reveals that depopulation came, on the one hand, from a general trend that had already occurred in other European countries due to the mechanization of the countryside, and on the other hand, from the error of promoting direct investment - public or private - in industrial activity (which gave immediate results, but of limited scope) instead of investing in the improvement of infrastructure that extended access to markets to all regions of the country, as occurred in the years 80.
[4] ↑ a b Obsérvese por curiosidad que todas las ciudades anteriormente mencionadas tienen en común que quedaron en la zona sublevada desde el primer momento del Golpe de Estado en España de julio de 1936 al inicio de la Guerra Civil Española.
There were three Development Plans, successively:.
The Development Poles were established to try to compensate for the gradual disappearance of the rural world. However, the area that was privileged was the Spanish Mediterranean. It was a real rain of millions from the US, the IMF and the World Bank, as well as a massive influx of working class tourists who began to travel to the new tourist destination, Spain, in search of sun and sand and for its low costs of living, which allowed them a cheap trip compared to other European destinations.
The Mediterranean was one of the areas that benefited the most, thanks to that tourism industry that, however, suffered from the labor and economic instability that still persists today. The flat geography, easy access by sea for goods, communication between Europe and North Africa through Algeciras, etc. They gave it relevant competitive advantages. Today these coastal areas have a very varied standard of living between the different regions of Spain and, except for Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Basque Country, they are below the European average.
If between 1950 and 1970 the mechanization of the countryside produced a surplus of labor of about 2,300,000 workers[5] (most of whose families lived in subsistence conditions), a large part was successively absorbed by emigration to America and Europe, as well as to urban areas. Thus, emergency social situations occurred on the periphery of large cities, such as shantytowns.[6] The construction of new homes to alleviate this led to an increase in the demand for consumer goods that resulted in an increase in investments and employment.
To compensate for the competitive disadvantages of inland areas, these development plans already involved a drain of resources from growing regions to less dynamic ones. But the latest research reveals that depopulation came, on the one hand, from a general trend that had already occurred in other European countries due to the mechanization of the countryside, and on the other hand, from the error of promoting direct investment - public or private - in industrial activity (which gave immediate results, but of limited scope) instead of investing in the improvement of infrastructure that extended access to markets to all regions of the country, as occurred in the years 80.
[4] ↑ a b Obsérvese por curiosidad que todas las ciudades anteriormente mencionadas tienen en común que quedaron en la zona sublevada desde el primer momento del Golpe de Estado en España de julio de 1936 al inicio de la Guerra Civil Española.