In addition to the linear one, there are other damping models, for example, the so-called “hysteresis damping model” or “structural damping model”.

In a vibrating metal beam, the internal damping can be described by a force proportional to the displacement, but in phase with the velocity. The equation that describes the motion with a single degree of freedom will be:.

where h is the hysteresis damping constant, k is the “spring constant” of the material and i is the imaginary unit. Another common way to write the above equation is.

where η is the hysteresis damping ratio, that is, the fraction of energy dissipated in each cycle.

In automobile technology, some of the best-known inventions are shock absorbers "Shock absorber (car)") and tires used in the suspension system "Suspension (car)") of the vehicle to smooth the road in transportation; There are other elements that have the same purpose, such as springs and even the pilot's seat, but others focus on vital protection, such as the airbags.

Contenido

Mucho del equipo de protección empleado por atletas tiene la finalidad de ayudar a resistir un impacto, pues este podría llegar a ser mortal en algunos casos, ya sea un golpe por un puñetazo o por una patada, o un impacto resultante de una caída, o quizá un choque ocasionado por un objeto que ha sido lanzado.

Pero no sólo el equipo de protección presenta elementos que inducen a la amortiguación. Las propiedades de la superficie donde se practique el deporte también es un factor a ser considerado.

Athletics

Many times focused on footwear illustrated by the use of running shoes, or on the knees and on the track.

Baseball

Present on the Umpire's "Catcher (baseball)" catcher's bib, or on the outfield boundary padding.

Cycling

The tires, terrain and springs on a mountain bike, for example.

American football

American football is a sport of constant collision.

Soccer

The majority of protective equipment is located on the lower part of the body. From the shin guards to the footwear, which can include seams and exterior designs. Goalkeepers use gloves and knee pads.

There are various damping models, the simplest of which consists of a particle or concentrated mass, which loses speed under the action of a damping force proportional to its speed:

where:.

This model is approximately valid for modeling friction damping between surfaces of solids, or the braking of a solid within a fluid in a laminar regime.

Another model that generalizes the previous one is the damping that occurs in a building during a seismic shock or other comparable dynamic situation. In this model, an attenuation force given by: will appear on each plant.

Where:.

Practically, the damping matrix is ​​approximated by a matrix that is a combination of the mass matrix and the stiffness matrix of the structure:

Where are two characteristic times that must be adjusted experimentally. If the so-called normal coordinates are introduced, then the damping coefficient considered in the seismic standards is related to the natural frequencies and the previous times through the relationship:.

In addition to the linear one, there are other damping models, for example, the so-called “hysteresis damping model” or “structural damping model”.

In a vibrating metal beam, the internal damping can be described by a force proportional to the displacement, but in phase with the velocity. The equation that describes the motion with a single degree of freedom will be:.

where h is the hysteresis damping constant, k is the “spring constant” of the material and i is the imaginary unit. Another common way to write the above equation is.

where η is the hysteresis damping ratio, that is, the fraction of energy dissipated in each cycle.

In automobile technology, some of the best-known inventions are shock absorbers "Shock absorber (car)") and tires used in the suspension system "Suspension (car)") of the vehicle to smooth the road in transportation; There are other elements that have the same purpose, such as springs and even the pilot's seat, but others focus on vital protection, such as the airbags.

Contenido

Mucho del equipo de protección empleado por atletas tiene la finalidad de ayudar a resistir un impacto, pues este podría llegar a ser mortal en algunos casos, ya sea un golpe por un puñetazo o por una patada, o un impacto resultante de una caída, o quizá un choque ocasionado por un objeto que ha sido lanzado.

Pero no sólo el equipo de protección presenta elementos que inducen a la amortiguación. Las propiedades de la superficie donde se practique el deporte también es un factor a ser considerado.

Athletics

Many times focused on footwear illustrated by the use of running shoes, or on the knees and on the track.

Baseball

Present on the Umpire's "Catcher (baseball)" catcher's bib, or on the outfield boundary padding.

Cycling

The tires, terrain and springs on a mountain bike, for example.

American football

American football is a sport of constant collision.

Soccer

The majority of protective equipment is located on the lower part of the body. From the shin guards to the footwear, which can include seams and exterior designs. Goalkeepers use gloves and knee pads.