Basic concept of cutting oils

Cutting oils are lubricating fluids used in machining processes to facilitate metal cutting. Its main function is to reduce the friction and heat generated between the cutting tool and the workpiece, improving the quality of the finish and prolonging the life of the tools.

These oils can be of mineral, synthetic or vegetable origin, and are specially formulated to withstand the working conditions of machines such as lathes, milling machines, drills and grinding machines. In addition, they help evacuate chips and prevent corrosion on work surfaces.

Lubricating capacity and friction reduction

One of the essential properties of cutting oils is their excellent lubricating capacity, which allows the resistance between the tool and the piece to be minimized. This reduction in friction decreases tool wear and prevents damage to machined surfaces.

The viscosity of the oil directly influences its lubricating performance: oils with adequate viscosity create a stable lubricating film that supports high loads during the cutting process.

In addition, this lubrication contributes to the energy efficiency of the process, since less force is required to make the cut, which results in lower electrical consumption and greater productivity.

Cooling and heat dissipation capacity

During machining, heat generation is considerable due to friction and plastic deformation of the material. Cutting oils act as cooling fluids that absorb and dissipate heat to prevent overheating of the tool and workpiece.

This cooling function not only preserves the integrity of the tool but also prevents thermal deformations in the part, maintaining the required dimensional accuracy.

Cooling capacity depends on the oil formulation and its ability to maintain thermal stability over long intervals of use.