Creative infrastructure
Introduction
Creative destruction or creative destruction[1] (English: creative destruction, German: schöpferische Zerstörung, French: destruction créatrice), sometimes called Schumpeter gale, is a concept in economics "Economics (economic science)") which since the 1950s has been easily identified with the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter.[2] This He formulated his idea based on the work of Karl Marx and later popularized it as a theory of economic innovation and business cycle.
According to Schumpeter, the "perennial wind of creative destruction" describes the "process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old, incessantly creating a new one."[3] In Marxist economic theory the concept refers more broadly to the linked processes of accumulation and annihilation of wealth under capitalism.[4][5][6].
German sociologist Werner Sombart is credited[2] with the first use of these terms in his work Krieg und Kapitalismus (War and Capitalism, 1913).[7] In Marx's earlier works, however, the idea of creative destruction or annihilation (German: Vernichtung) implies not only that capitalism destroys and reconfigures past economic orders, but also that it must constantly devalue existing wealth (whether through wars, negligence, or regular and periodic economic crises) to make room for the creation of new wealth.[4][5][6].
In Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942), Joseph Schumpeter developed the concept from a meticulous reading of Marx's thought (to which the entire Part I of the book is devoted), arguing (in Part II) that the creative-destructive forces unleashed by capitalism would eventually lead to its decline as a system (see below).[8] Despite this, the term subsequently gained popularity within mainstream economics as a description. of processes such as reduction to increase the efficiency and dynamism of a company. The Marxist use has, however, been retained and further developed in the work of social scientists such as David Harvey,[9] Marshall Berman,[10] Manuel Castells[11] and Daniele Archibugi.[12].