Definition and context of fissure sealing

Crack sealing consists of the application of specialized materials to close cracks, fissures or small openings in construction structures. This technique is essential to preserve the structural integrity, prevent additional damage and avoid the infiltration of water, polluting agents or air that could compromise the durability of the construction elements.

Cracks can appear in various materials such as concrete, asphalt, masonry or wood, as a result of mechanical stress, thermal changes, settling or aging. Sealing acts as a preventive or corrective measure that improves the performance and lifespan of the affected surfaces, thus avoiding costly future repairs.

Origin of cracks in construction

Cracks in structures can originate from multiple causes, among which the internal stresses generated by excessive or poorly distributed structural loads, thermal changes that cause expansion and contraction, and differential ground settlements stand out. Also internal chemical reactions such as corrosion of reinforcement or alkali-aggregate reactions contribute to the formation of cracks.

Likewise, errors in design, low quality materials or inadequate construction techniques can generate premature cracks. Correct identification of the cause is essential to select the appropriate sealing method and material.

Types of cracks according to their origin and characteristics

Cracks can be classified as structural and non-structural. Structural ones compromise the stability of the element and require deep repairs, while non-structural ones are usually superficial and mainly affect the appearance or impermeability. According to their size, fine, medium and wide capillary fissures are distinguished.