Corrective actions
Introduction
The Eight Disciplines for Problem Solving (in English Eight Disciplines Problem Solving) is a method used to confront and solve problems frequently used by quality engineers and other professionals. It is also known more abbreviated as 8D, Problem Solving 8-D, G8D or Global 8D.
The eight disciplines
D1: Formation of a team of experts to cover all functions.
D2: Complete definition of the problem.
D3: Implement and verify a provisional containment action.
D4: Check the root cause.
D5: Determine and verify permanent corrective actions (in English Permanent Corrective Actions, PCAs). As well as definition of preventive actions to prevent a similar problem from arising again.
D6: Implement and verify permanent corrective actions.
D7: Prevent the re-occurrence of the problem and/or its root cause.
D8: Recognize the team's efforts.
History
The United States Government was the first to standardize the 8D method during World War II, referring to it as Military Standard 1520: Corrective action and disposition system for nonconforming material.
It later became popular thanks to the North American automobile company Ford in the 60s and 70s. Since then the 8D method has become a standard in the automotive, assembly and other industries that need a structured method for solving problems.
The 8D method is used to identify, correct and eliminate problems. This methodology is very useful in improving products and processes. Establishes a standard practice based on facts. It focuses on the origin of the problem by determining the root cause.
Use
In 8D there are typically many disciplines involved. The tools used can be found in textbooks and reference materials used by quality assurance professionals. For example, Is/Isn't sheets are a common tool in D2, and the Thorn Diagram or 5 Why Analysis are commonly used tools in D4.
The 8D method was originally created at the North American automobile company Ford, being developed over several decades, including "TOPS", "Team Oriented Problem Solving". In the late 1990s, Ford created and approved a new version of the 8D officially called "Global 8D" (G8D) that serves as the current standard at Ford and many other companies in the automotive sector. The areas of improvement since then are as follows:.
Along with these process improvements, Ford developed a web-based software package to facilitate process implementation, standardization of reporting, and creation of a database of problems and solutions. Today there are plenty of software applications dedicated to the 8Ds.
Recently the use of the 8D method has spread beyond the automotive industry.