Legally, the concept of public administration is most frequently used in the formal sense, which in the words of Rafael Bielsa "Rafael Bielsa (jurist)"), does not denote a legal entity, but rather an organization that carries out a State activity. In this sense, if we say "responsibility of the Administration", it means that the act or fact of the Administration is what makes the State responsible. Thus, in reality it is the State that is the party in the trial, in that capacity the public Administration has the privilege of administrative litigation.

Currently the usual Administration model is the bureaucratic model described by Max Weber. It is based on instrumental rationality and the adjustment between objectives and means.

The Administration has a series of prerogatives that place it in a position superior to that of the administrator. These powers include: the unilateral interpretation of contracts, the executive capacity of administrative acts (for example, the collection of fines through the enforcement procedure). That is, the acts of the Administration must be complied with, they are mandatory, and the Administration is authorized to unilaterally impose them on individuals. Finally, submission to a specialized jurisdiction, the Contentious-Administrative jurisdiction.

It is a series of administrative reforms that involve management by objectives that uses quantitative indicators, use of privatization, separation between clients and contractors, the disintegration of traditional administrative institutions, the focus of the State as a producer of public services, use of incentives in salaries, reduced costs and greater budgetary discipline. Use evaluation as an instrument to improve the process.[8]​.

The new public management has four methods:

Thus, the direction of the reforms would be:

To improve the efficiency and transparency of governments in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Inter-American Development Bank created 45 key indicators to measure aspects of public management, including public finance and the economy, public employment, the role and influence of the center of government, regulatory policy and governance, open and digital government, and public procurement.[11]​.

E-Administration or Electronic Administration, refers to the incorporation of information and communications technologies in two aspects: from an intra-organizational point of view, transforming traditional offices, converting paper processes into electronic processes, in order to create a paperless office and from an external relations perspective, enabling electronic means as a new means for the relationship with citizens and companies. It is a tool with a high potential to improve productivity and simplify the different day-to-day processes that occur in different organizations.

The definition of the European Commission of the European Union is the following: "E-Government is the use of ICT in the Public Administrations, combined with organizational changes and new skills, in order to improve public services and democratic processes and strengthen support for public policies."

Its main tool has been the Internet as a means of access for citizens in their electronic relationship with the Administration. The benefits, both in effectiveness and efficiency, are such that e-Government has become one of the key strategies of the policies of most advanced countries, since it is possibly the element with the greatest potential for impact and transformation in administrative modernization processes.

This ultimately means, as summarized in the Practical Survival Manual in Electronic Administration, that "we want less bureaucracy, much less, not bureaucracy on the Internet."[12]​.

Argentina

The Public Administration of Argentina is the set of state organizations that provide services to the inhabitants and carry out the administrative functions of the Argentine State. In general, it covers the different entities and agencies that make up the National Executive Branch (PEN) "National Executive Branch (Argentina)"), and the provincial executive powers and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, as well as the municipal administrations.

The concept of public administration is imprecise and is usually used with diverse scopes. In Argentina, the public administration does not include the legislative branch or the judicial branch. It also does not cover state companies or private entities that provide public services. However, it includes decentralized and specialized public entities, such as educational centers, hospitals and museums. In principle, the Armed Forces are part of the public Administration, although they have a special regime.

In 2006, public employees in the 23 provinces and the City of Buenos Aires were 1,465,548.

Chili

The Chilean Public Administration includes the set of bodies and services that exercise administrative functions under the authority of the State, with the purpose of satisfying collective needs, guaranteeing rights, and executing public policies. Its structure is defined in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile and in a set of laws and regulations that regulate its operation, organization and control.[15]​.

The Chilean administrative apparatus is divided between the Central Administration and the Decentralized Administration:.

Furthermore, the country is organized territorially into regions, provinces and communes, which gives rise to a decentralized management structure through regional governments and municipalities.[18]​.

The Public Administration in Chile has the following essential functions:

Since the 1990s, Chile has promoted various processes of State reform and modernization of public management, highlighting initiatives such as:

These reforms have sought to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and legitimacy of the state apparatus, as well as increase citizen confidence in public institutions.

Administrative activity is subject to control by different bodies, such as:

In recent years, citizen participation in public management has gained relevance, through bodies such as Civil Society Councils (COSOC), public consultations and citizen hearings. Regulatory instruments such as Law No. 20,500 on Associations and Citizen Participation in Public Management") have promoted a more open interaction between the State and civil society.[27]​.

Spain

According to article 103 of the Constitution, the Public Administration of Spain objectively serves the general interests and acts in accordance with the principles of effectiveness, hierarchy, decentralization, deconcentration and coordination, with full submission to the law and the Right.

At the territorial level, the 1978 Constitution divides public administration into three levels as a consequence of the definition of a strongly decentralized state:

The plurality of public administrations in Spain is completed by non-territorial administrations that carry out specific activities with limited powers. Corporations: professional associations, Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Navigation"), fishermen's guilds, sports federations, etc. Institutions: public foundations "Foundation (Law)"), autonomous organizations and public business entities. And independent administrations: Bank of Spain, National Securities Market Commission "National Securities Market Commission (Spain)"), Universities, etc.

Legally, the concept of public administration is most frequently used in the formal sense, which in the words of Rafael Bielsa "Rafael Bielsa (jurist)"), does not denote a legal entity, but rather an organization that carries out a State activity. In this sense, if we say "responsibility of the Administration", it means that the act or fact of the Administration is what makes the State responsible. Thus, in reality it is the State that is the party in the trial, in that capacity the public Administration has the privilege of administrative litigation.

Currently the usual Administration model is the bureaucratic model described by Max Weber. It is based on instrumental rationality and the adjustment between objectives and means.

The Administration has a series of prerogatives that place it in a position superior to that of the administrator. These powers include: the unilateral interpretation of contracts, the executive capacity of administrative acts (for example, the collection of fines through the enforcement procedure). That is, the acts of the Administration must be complied with, they are mandatory, and the Administration is authorized to unilaterally impose them on individuals. Finally, submission to a specialized jurisdiction, the Contentious-Administrative jurisdiction.

It is a series of administrative reforms that involve management by objectives that uses quantitative indicators, use of privatization, separation between clients and contractors, the disintegration of traditional administrative institutions, the focus of the State as a producer of public services, use of incentives in salaries, reduced costs and greater budgetary discipline. Use evaluation as an instrument to improve the process.[8]​.

The new public management has four methods:

Thus, the direction of the reforms would be:

To improve the efficiency and transparency of governments in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Inter-American Development Bank created 45 key indicators to measure aspects of public management, including public finance and the economy, public employment, the role and influence of the center of government, regulatory policy and governance, open and digital government, and public procurement.[11]​.

E-Administration or Electronic Administration, refers to the incorporation of information and communications technologies in two aspects: from an intra-organizational point of view, transforming traditional offices, converting paper processes into electronic processes, in order to create a paperless office and from an external relations perspective, enabling electronic means as a new means for the relationship with citizens and companies. It is a tool with a high potential to improve productivity and simplify the different day-to-day processes that occur in different organizations.

The definition of the European Commission of the European Union is the following: "E-Government is the use of ICT in the Public Administrations, combined with organizational changes and new skills, in order to improve public services and democratic processes and strengthen support for public policies."

Its main tool has been the Internet as a means of access for citizens in their electronic relationship with the Administration. The benefits, both in effectiveness and efficiency, are such that e-Government has become one of the key strategies of the policies of most advanced countries, since it is possibly the element with the greatest potential for impact and transformation in administrative modernization processes.

This ultimately means, as summarized in the Practical Survival Manual in Electronic Administration, that "we want less bureaucracy, much less, not bureaucracy on the Internet."[12]​.

Argentina

The Public Administration of Argentina is the set of state organizations that provide services to the inhabitants and carry out the administrative functions of the Argentine State. In general, it covers the different entities and agencies that make up the National Executive Branch (PEN) "National Executive Branch (Argentina)"), and the provincial executive powers and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, as well as the municipal administrations.

The concept of public administration is imprecise and is usually used with diverse scopes. In Argentina, the public administration does not include the legislative branch or the judicial branch. It also does not cover state companies or private entities that provide public services. However, it includes decentralized and specialized public entities, such as educational centers, hospitals and museums. In principle, the Armed Forces are part of the public Administration, although they have a special regime.

In 2006, public employees in the 23 provinces and the City of Buenos Aires were 1,465,548.

Chili

The Chilean Public Administration includes the set of bodies and services that exercise administrative functions under the authority of the State, with the purpose of satisfying collective needs, guaranteeing rights, and executing public policies. Its structure is defined in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile and in a set of laws and regulations that regulate its operation, organization and control.[15]​.

The Chilean administrative apparatus is divided between the Central Administration and the Decentralized Administration:.

Furthermore, the country is organized territorially into regions, provinces and communes, which gives rise to a decentralized management structure through regional governments and municipalities.[18]​.

The Public Administration in Chile has the following essential functions:

Since the 1990s, Chile has promoted various processes of State reform and modernization of public management, highlighting initiatives such as:

These reforms have sought to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and legitimacy of the state apparatus, as well as increase citizen confidence in public institutions.

Administrative activity is subject to control by different bodies, such as:

In recent years, citizen participation in public management has gained relevance, through bodies such as Civil Society Councils (COSOC), public consultations and citizen hearings. Regulatory instruments such as Law No. 20,500 on Associations and Citizen Participation in Public Management") have promoted a more open interaction between the State and civil society.[27]​.

Spain

According to article 103 of the Constitution, the Public Administration of Spain objectively serves the general interests and acts in accordance with the principles of effectiveness, hierarchy, decentralization, deconcentration and coordination, with full submission to the law and the Right.

At the territorial level, the 1978 Constitution divides public administration into three levels as a consequence of the definition of a strongly decentralized state:

The plurality of public administrations in Spain is completed by non-territorial administrations that carry out specific activities with limited powers. Corporations: professional associations, Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Navigation"), fishermen's guilds, sports federations, etc. Institutions: public foundations "Foundation (Law)"), autonomous organizations and public business entities. And independent administrations: Bank of Spain, National Securities Market Commission "National Securities Market Commission (Spain)"), Universities, etc.