Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the body's joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and in the structures that support the legs, arms, neck and back.[1] These diseases can be due to a sudden effort, (for example, lifting a heavy object), or they can be due to performing the same movements repeatedly, this is called repetitive strain, or repeated exposure. These injuries are due to continuous application of force, continuous exposure to vibrations, or long periods in an uncomfortable position.[2]​ Injuries and pain to the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events, such as a car accident or a fall, are not considered musculoskeletal disorders.[3]​ MSDs can affect various parts of the body, including the lower and upper back, neck, shoulders, and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands).[4]​ Examples of MSDs include: carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, tendonitis, back pain, neck tension syndrome, and hand/arm vibration syndrome.[2]​.

Diagnosis is based on information about the pain and symptoms reported by the affected person, as well as a physical examination by a doctor.[2]​ Most of the time, doctors rely on medical history, occupational and recreational risks, pain intensity, and a physical examination to locate the source of the pain. Sometimes laboratory tests, x-rays, or MRIs are used.[5] Doctors look for concrete criteria to diagnose each musculoskeletal disorder based on the location, type, and intensity of pain, as well as the restriction of movement that the patient is experiencing.[2] A common way to identify musculoskeletal disorders is the Nordic Questionnaire which has a drawing of the human body with several areas labeled and with questions for the person to identify the areas. where you have experienced pain and the areas where the pain interferes with your normal activities.[4]​.

Musculoskeletal disorders can arise from the interaction of physical factors with economic, psychological, social, and occupational factors.[6]​.

In OECD countries, the proportion of the working-age population dependent on benefits for disabilities and musculoskeletal conditions has tended to increase, with negative impacts on affected individuals, their families, their employers and society at large. Workplace disability management (WPDM) is a comprehensive and cohesive approach, offering a wide variety of practices for employees who become injured or ill. These programs typically comprise multiple components, such as early contact, staff education, and vocational rehabilitation activities.