Consumption counters (Individual)
Introduction
The electrical consumption meter, watthorimeter, electrical meter or electricity meter is a device that measures the electrical energy consumption of a circuit or an electrical service, this being its specific objective. They are normally calibrated in billing units, the most common being the kilowatt-hour [kWh].
There are electromechanical and electronic or digital counters, this being the one currently used. Electromechanists use current and voltage windings to create eddy currents in a disc which, under the influence of magnetic fields, produces a rotation that moves the dial hands. Electronic counters use analog-digital converters to transform analog electrical current and voltage signals into digital signals to perform calculations and display them.[1].
Digital meters allow a more precise reading of the information displayed in real time but not all digital meters allow remote management. For meters without remote management, the meter is read once per billing period. Smart meters (remote management meters) take advantage of the fact that they are installed in a smart electrical network (smart grid) to send consumption data to the distribution company with a higher frequency. The possibility of remote management opens the door to the application of different hourly rates that can help reduce the client's bill. As the implementation of smart networks progresses, this will allow generation that is more adjusted to the real demand of each moment of the day as well as other functionalities.[2].
Operation
The electromechanical meter uses two sets of coils that produce magnetic fields; These fields act on a disk, (generally made of aluminum, which is a NON-magnetic conductor where eddy currents are produced). The action of the eddy currents produced by the current coils on the magnetic field of the voltage coils and the action of the eddy currents produced by the voltage coils on the magnetic field of the current coils give a vector result such that it produces a torque on the disk. The torque is proportional to the power consumed by the circuit..
The disc is supported by magnetic fields and ruby supports to reduce friction, a gear system transmits the movement of the disc to the needles that count the number of revolutions of the counter. The higher the power, the faster the disc spins, accumulating more spins as time goes by.