Construction Legal Guarantees
Introduction
The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 is the Magna Carta and fundamental norm, established to legally govern the country, which sets the limits and defines the relationships between the powers of the federation (legislative, executive and judicial power), between the three differentiated orders of government (federal, state and municipal), and between all those and the citizens. Likewise, it establishes the bases for the government and for the organization of the institutions in which power is based and establishes the supreme social pact of society, the rights and duties of the Mexican people.
The Constitution of 1917 is a contribution of the Mexican legal tradition to universal constitutionalism, given that it was the first Constitution in history that included social rights,[1] expressed in articles 3, 27 and 123, a product of the demands of the popular classes that led the Mexican Revolution.
In total, the constitutional text has nine titles that contain 136 articles and 19 transitional ones. The text follows the classic guidelines of political doctrines by having a dogmatic part, which covers the first 38 articles that establish rights and obligations, and an organic part, contained in the remaining 98 articles, which defines the organization of public powers.
It had as precedents the Constitution of Apatzingán of 1814, the Constitution of 1824 and the Constitution of 1857. Regarding the latter, in terms of the political system, among the main changes are the elimination of the reelection of the President of the Republic and the position of vice president, as well as the creation of the free municipality.[2].
Background
On August 7, 1901, the Flores Magón brothers founded the Mexican legal newspaper Regeneración "Regeneración (newspaper)"), from which they criticized the corruption of the judicial system of the regime of General Porfirio Díaz, which led them to prison. In 1902, the Flores Magón and a group of liberals rented the newspaper El Hijo del Ahuizote. In 1903, on the forty-sixth anniversary of the 1857 Constitution, the newspaper's staff held a protest with the slogan "The Constitution is Dead." That same day, Flores Magón published a note in the same newspaper that said:
As time went by, criticism and the conditions of the country unleashed various conflicts that, together with the result of the 1910 elections, resulted in the beginning, on November 20 of that year, of the armed conflict known as the Mexican Revolution of 1910.