Consolidation of historic walls
Introduction
The Christian wall of Madrid, also known as medieval wall, was built in this Spanish city between the 19th and 2nd centuries, once the town passed to the Crown of Castile.
It was built as an extension of the primitive walled enclosure (17th century), of Muslim origin, to accommodate the new neighborhoods that emerged after the Christian conquest. With the establishment of the Court in 1561, it fell into disuse and was practically completely demolished.
Some remains are still preserved, integrated into the structure of various buildings in Madrid de los Austrias, the name given to the historic center of the city.[1].
The most important ones are located on Calle de los Mancebos, Calle de Don Pedro, Calle del Almendro, Calle Escalinata, Calle del Espejo, Mesón de Paños and Cava Baja, as well as in Plaza de Isabel II "Plaza de Isabel II (Madrid)") and in the underground parking lot of Plaza de Oriente. The remains that still stand were declared a Historical-Artistic Monument in 1954.
History
Tradition attributes its construction to King Alfonso VII of Castile (1126–1157), although it can be assumed that the works began before his reign, in the years immediately after the Christian conquest of Madrid (1083), during the times of Alfonso VI (1040–1109).
At the beginning of the century, the wall was not yet completed, as stated in the Fuero de Madrid of 1202: "all the money of the Council be invested in the work of the wall until it is finished." Different municipal documents suggest that it could have been completed in the second decade of the century.
The defensive function that the wall played after the Reconquest, as a consolidation of the squares taken by the Christians from the Muslims, and during the process of Christian repopulation, became blurred over the centuries.[2].
The notable urban growth experienced by Madrid, with the development of new suburbs beyond the walled area, motivated its demolition, especially starting in the 19th century, with the designation of the city as the capital of Spain.