Didactic competencies are human capabilities that consist of different knowledge, skills, thoughts, character and values in a comprehensive manner in the different interactions that people have for life in the personal, social and work spheres.[1].
The notion of competence, initially referred to the work context, has enriched its meaning in the educational field where it is understood as know-how in specific situations that require the creative, flexible and responsible application of knowledge, skills and attitudes.
Learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together become three pillars of education to face the challenges of the century and lead each person to discover, awaken and increase their creative possibilities, allowing them to learn to be.[2].
For Perrenoud, P. (2008: 3)[3] "The concept of competence refers to the way that allows one to deal, regularly and adequately, with a set or family of tasks and situations, appealing to notions, knowledge, information, procedures, methods, techniques and also other more specific competences."
Competence in the educational field
Currently, the Organic Law 8/2013, of December 9, for the Improvement of Educational Quality' (LOMCE), which supports competency-based learning, is in force in the Spanish educational system.[4] Thus, competency "supposes a combination of practical skills (knowledge, motivation, ethical values, attitudes, emotions, skills, aptitudes and other social and behavioral components that are mobilized together to achieve effective action). They are, therefore, considered as knowledge in practice, that is, knowledge acquired through active participation in social practices and, as such, they can be developed both in the formal educational context, through the curriculum, and in non-formal and informal educational contexts. Competencies, therefore, can be defined as "knowing how."
In recent years, education has been taught under a traditional educational model, in which the teacher is a constant repeater of knowledge in front of his students. This has brought with it positive aspects in learning but also negative ones since the teacher's experience that is poured into the students' learning enriches their knowledge, which results in us having updated only what the teacher transmits.
While education by competence has innovative aspects, since in this case the teacher is an instructor of knowledge; That is, the student actively participates in the classroom using their skills to achieve meaningful learning.
Competence framework
Introduction
Didactic competencies are human capabilities that consist of different knowledge, skills, thoughts, character and values in a comprehensive manner in the different interactions that people have for life in the personal, social and work spheres.[1].
The notion of competence, initially referred to the work context, has enriched its meaning in the educational field where it is understood as know-how in specific situations that require the creative, flexible and responsible application of knowledge, skills and attitudes.
Learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together become three pillars of education to face the challenges of the century and lead each person to discover, awaken and increase their creative possibilities, allowing them to learn to be.[2].
For Perrenoud, P. (2008: 3)[3] "The concept of competence refers to the way that allows one to deal, regularly and adequately, with a set or family of tasks and situations, appealing to notions, knowledge, information, procedures, methods, techniques and also other more specific competences."
Competence in the educational field
Currently, the Organic Law 8/2013, of December 9, for the Improvement of Educational Quality' (LOMCE), which supports competency-based learning, is in force in the Spanish educational system.[4] Thus, competency "supposes a combination of practical skills (knowledge, motivation, ethical values, attitudes, emotions, skills, aptitudes and other social and behavioral components that are mobilized together to achieve effective action). They are, therefore, considered as knowledge in practice, that is, knowledge acquired through active participation in social practices and, as such, they can be developed both in the formal educational context, through the curriculum, and in non-formal and informal educational contexts. Competencies, therefore, can be defined as "knowing how."
In recent years, education has been taught under a traditional educational model, in which the teacher is a constant repeater of knowledge in front of his students. This has brought with it positive aspects in learning but also negative ones since the teacher's experience that is poured into the students' learning enriches their knowledge, which results in us having updated only what the teacher transmits.
Higher education, as part of the system, has to assume the training of people as one of its most important functions. People capable of actively participating in different fields of knowledge and areas of life.
An example of the adaptation of higher education to skills may be the degree in law, which aims to obtain a professional degree through:.
It is important to note that the fundamental professional skills in the training of lawyers are interpretation, systematization, integration, argumentation and application, as well as knowing how to reflect, identify, choose, master and integrate social problems by interpreting the principles, theories and norms and in this way understand the discipline of law.
The Recommendation (2006/962/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December (2006) on key competences for lifelong learning calls on Member States to 'develop the supply of key competences'. The definition of competence is defined, understood as a combination of knowledge, abilities, or skills, and attitudes appropriate to the context. It is considered that "key competencies are those that all people need for their personal fulfillment and development, as well as for active citizenship, social inclusion and employment."
Seven key competencies essential for the well-being of European societies, economic growth and innovation are clearly identified, and knowledge, skills and attitudes are described. The key competencies are:
“Tools of the Mind” is an early childhood education curriculum that involves structured scenarios of imaginary play and other activities. This curriculum aims to promote and improve children's self-regulation and academic skills, by having a dual focus on the development of self-regulation and other socio-emotional skills in educational contexts.
A systematic review summarized the findings of 6 studies conducted in the United States, which included the participation of students of all ages, genders, ethnicities, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, and special education. The results demonstrate that the curriculum significantly improved children's mathematical skills compared to the common curriculum. Likewise, the curriculum appears to improve self-regulation and literacy, however, given the small number of studies included, as well as other methodological deficiencies, these conclusions should be taken with caution, which is why more high-quality research is needed.[5].
School exclusion is associated with undesirable effects on children's development. Previous studies show a consistent relationship between exclusion and poor academic performance, antisocial behavior and difficulties inserting into the labor market. These exclusions disproportionately affect men, ethnic minorities, those from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds and students with special educational needs.
A systematic review of 37 studies, most conducted in the United States and the rest in the United Kingdom, evaluates the impact of interventions in reducing school exclusion. The interventions studied produce a small, although significant reduction in school exclusion during the first six months, an effect that fades in the long term. The four types of interventions that were shown to be most effective were: improving academic skills, counseling, tutoring, and teacher training. To obtain better conclusions, however, more studies must be carried out and in other countries where exclusion is common.[6].
Competencies in higher education
Currently, there is still debate about the importance of working based on competencies at higher education levels in some countries, but there are some positive arguments that encourage this model to be taken into account in higher education.
This seeks to guide learning according to the challenges and problems of social, community, professional, organizational and disciplinary-investigative contexts, through problem studies, behavioral records and process analysis, always contemplating human development and the essential needs of people, thereby allowing the acquired learning, evaluation and teaching to have a different meaning, beyond the usual.
This is divided into two, the first part is the evaluation of the quality of performance of educational quality through seeking that the competencies formalize the knowledge and expected performances since the competencies provide central elements that are in the management line. The second part refers to the competency approach that gives us a series of elements to manage quality such as, for example, having clear criteria, systematizing, regulating information, conducting audits, among others.
It is based on competencies that are becoming international educational policy, with conceptual and methodological contributions to competency by researchers as competency-based training has been proposed as a key policy for higher education.
The competency approach is a key point to seek mobility in students and teachers. researchers and professionals, and this will be between various countries, which seeks articulation with credits that allows recognition of prior learning and experience since the competencies facilitate mobility between institutions in the same country and between the different cycles of education represented in minimum learning agreements.
The competencies indicated on the opposite lower side of the scale are: leadership capacity; understanding the customs and cultures of other countries; knowledge of a second language; the ability to communicate with experts from other fields; the ability to work in an international context and the ability to work with an interdisciplinary team.
Tuning distinguishes three types of generic skills:
Competition based on higher education from the complex approach
Competence is an approach to education and is defined as one or several processes where it performs appropriately in certain contexts, integrating different knowledge and skills, for example; (knowing, knowing how to do, knowing how to know, and knowing how to live together or relate) to be able to cope with day-to-day activities and goals, contributing to personal development.
Classification.
There are several ways to classify competencies, the two broadest being two: differentiating competencies, which focus on how a person can perform better than others under the same preparation circumstances, and threshold competencies, which are based on how a person performs a task. Other proposed classifications are the key or essential competencies in an organization (core competencies). It is about collective learning within a company or organization; these skills are used to compete in a branch within the same market. They can also be classified as labor and professional. Labor skills are those that are learned through technical studies, while professional skills are given exclusively by having completed higher education studies, they are more flexible and broad and it is easier to solve more complex problems. And finally, the most extensive and general classification is the following: Basic competencies, Generic competencies, Specific competencies and Key competencies.
References
[1] ↑ Tigelaar, D. E. H.; Dolmans, D. H. J. M.; Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P.; van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2004). «The Development and Validation of a Framework for Teaching Competencies in Higher Education» [Desarrollo y validación de un marco para las competencias docentes en la educación superior]. Higher Education (en inglés) 48 (2): 253-268. ISSN 1573-174X.: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4151578
[2] ↑ Jaques Delors. La educación encierra un tesoro. "Madrid": Ediciones Unesco.(1996).
[3] ↑ Perrenoud, Philippe (2008). “Construir las competencias, ¿es darle la espalda a los saberes?”. Red U. Revista de Docencia Universitaria.
[5] ↑ Chukwudozie, A. (11 de septiembre de 2018). «El currículo de ‘Herramientas de la Mente’ mejora la autorregulación y habilidades académicas en la infancia.». Caracas: The Campbell Collaboration. Consultado el 3 de diciembre de 2019.: http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1264
[6] ↑ Campbell Collaboration (2018). «Algunas intervenciones para reducir la exclusión escolar funcionan, pero su efecto es temporal». Oslo: Campbell Collaboration. Consultado el 23 de enero de 2020.: http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1168
While education by competence has innovative aspects, since in this case the teacher is an instructor of knowledge; That is, the student actively participates in the classroom using their skills to achieve meaningful learning.
Higher education, as part of the system, has to assume the training of people as one of its most important functions. People capable of actively participating in different fields of knowledge and areas of life.
An example of the adaptation of higher education to skills may be the degree in law, which aims to obtain a professional degree through:.
It is important to note that the fundamental professional skills in the training of lawyers are interpretation, systematization, integration, argumentation and application, as well as knowing how to reflect, identify, choose, master and integrate social problems by interpreting the principles, theories and norms and in this way understand the discipline of law.
The Recommendation (2006/962/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December (2006) on key competences for lifelong learning calls on Member States to 'develop the supply of key competences'. The definition of competence is defined, understood as a combination of knowledge, abilities, or skills, and attitudes appropriate to the context. It is considered that "key competencies are those that all people need for their personal fulfillment and development, as well as for active citizenship, social inclusion and employment."
Seven key competencies essential for the well-being of European societies, economic growth and innovation are clearly identified, and knowledge, skills and attitudes are described. The key competencies are:
“Tools of the Mind” is an early childhood education curriculum that involves structured scenarios of imaginary play and other activities. This curriculum aims to promote and improve children's self-regulation and academic skills, by having a dual focus on the development of self-regulation and other socio-emotional skills in educational contexts.
A systematic review summarized the findings of 6 studies conducted in the United States, which included the participation of students of all ages, genders, ethnicities, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, and special education. The results demonstrate that the curriculum significantly improved children's mathematical skills compared to the common curriculum. Likewise, the curriculum appears to improve self-regulation and literacy, however, given the small number of studies included, as well as other methodological deficiencies, these conclusions should be taken with caution, which is why more high-quality research is needed.[5].
School exclusion is associated with undesirable effects on children's development. Previous studies show a consistent relationship between exclusion and poor academic performance, antisocial behavior and difficulties inserting into the labor market. These exclusions disproportionately affect men, ethnic minorities, those from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds and students with special educational needs.
A systematic review of 37 studies, most conducted in the United States and the rest in the United Kingdom, evaluates the impact of interventions in reducing school exclusion. The interventions studied produce a small, although significant reduction in school exclusion during the first six months, an effect that fades in the long term. The four types of interventions that were shown to be most effective were: improving academic skills, counseling, tutoring, and teacher training. To obtain better conclusions, however, more studies must be carried out and in other countries where exclusion is common.[6].
Competencies in higher education
Currently, there is still debate about the importance of working based on competencies at higher education levels in some countries, but there are some positive arguments that encourage this model to be taken into account in higher education.
This seeks to guide learning according to the challenges and problems of social, community, professional, organizational and disciplinary-investigative contexts, through problem studies, behavioral records and process analysis, always contemplating human development and the essential needs of people, thereby allowing the acquired learning, evaluation and teaching to have a different meaning, beyond the usual.
This is divided into two, the first part is the evaluation of the quality of performance of educational quality through seeking that the competencies formalize the knowledge and expected performances since the competencies provide central elements that are in the management line. The second part refers to the competency approach that gives us a series of elements to manage quality such as, for example, having clear criteria, systematizing, regulating information, conducting audits, among others.
It is based on competencies that are becoming international educational policy, with conceptual and methodological contributions to competency by researchers as competency-based training has been proposed as a key policy for higher education.
The competency approach is a key point to seek mobility in students and teachers. researchers and professionals, and this will be between various countries, which seeks articulation with credits that allows recognition of prior learning and experience since the competencies facilitate mobility between institutions in the same country and between the different cycles of education represented in minimum learning agreements.
The competencies indicated on the opposite lower side of the scale are: leadership capacity; understanding the customs and cultures of other countries; knowledge of a second language; the ability to communicate with experts from other fields; the ability to work in an international context and the ability to work with an interdisciplinary team.
Tuning distinguishes three types of generic skills:
Competition based on higher education from the complex approach
Competence is an approach to education and is defined as one or several processes where it performs appropriately in certain contexts, integrating different knowledge and skills, for example; (knowing, knowing how to do, knowing how to know, and knowing how to live together or relate) to be able to cope with day-to-day activities and goals, contributing to personal development.
Classification.
There are several ways to classify competencies, the two broadest being two: differentiating competencies, which focus on how a person can perform better than others under the same preparation circumstances, and threshold competencies, which are based on how a person performs a task. Other proposed classifications are the key or essential competencies in an organization (core competencies). It is about collective learning within a company or organization; these skills are used to compete in a branch within the same market. They can also be classified as labor and professional. Labor skills are those that are learned through technical studies, while professional skills are given exclusively by having completed higher education studies, they are more flexible and broad and it is easier to solve more complex problems. And finally, the most extensive and general classification is the following: Basic competencies, Generic competencies, Specific competencies and Key competencies.
References
[1] ↑ Tigelaar, D. E. H.; Dolmans, D. H. J. M.; Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P.; van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2004). «The Development and Validation of a Framework for Teaching Competencies in Higher Education» [Desarrollo y validación de un marco para las competencias docentes en la educación superior]. Higher Education (en inglés) 48 (2): 253-268. ISSN 1573-174X.: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4151578
[2] ↑ Jaques Delors. La educación encierra un tesoro. "Madrid": Ediciones Unesco.(1996).
[3] ↑ Perrenoud, Philippe (2008). “Construir las competencias, ¿es darle la espalda a los saberes?”. Red U. Revista de Docencia Universitaria.
[5] ↑ Chukwudozie, A. (11 de septiembre de 2018). «El currículo de ‘Herramientas de la Mente’ mejora la autorregulación y habilidades académicas en la infancia.». Caracas: The Campbell Collaboration. Consultado el 3 de diciembre de 2019.: http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1264
[6] ↑ Campbell Collaboration (2018). «Algunas intervenciones para reducir la exclusión escolar funcionan, pero su efecto es temporal». Oslo: Campbell Collaboration. Consultado el 23 de enero de 2020.: http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1168