Communicative space
Introduction
Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.[1] Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only conveys meaning but also creates it. Communication models are simplified descriptions of its main components and their interactions. Many models include the idea that a source uses an encoding system to express information in the form of a message. The message is sent through a channel to a receiver who has to decode it to understand it. The main field of research that investigates communication is called communication sciences.[2].
A common way to classify communication is by whether information is exchanged between humans, members of other species, or non-living entities such as computers. For human communication, a central contrast is between verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the exchange of messages in linguistic form, including spoken and written messages, as well as sign language. Non-verbal communication occurs without the use of a linguistic system, for example using body language, touch and facial expressions. Another distinction is between interpersonal communication, which occurs between different people, and intrapersonal communication, which is communication with oneself. Communicative competence is the ability to communicate well and applies to the skills of formulating messages and understanding them.
Non-human forms of communication include animal and plant communication. Researchers in this field often refine their definition of communicative behavior by including the criteria that observable responses exist and that participants benefit from the exchange. Animal communication is used in areas such as courtship and mating, parent-offspring relationships, navigation, and self-defense. Communication through chemicals is particularly important for relatively immobile plants. For example, maple trees (Acer (plant)") release volatile organic compounds into the air to warn other plants of herbivorous attack. Most communication occurs between members of the same species. The reason is that their purpose is usually some form of cooperation, which is not as common between different species. Communication between species occurs mainly in cases of symbiotic relationships. For example, many flowers use symmetrical shapes and distinctive colors to indicate to insects where nectar is located "Nectar (botany)"). Humans communicate across species when they interact with their pets and work animals.
Human communication has a long history and the way people exchange information has changed over time. These changes were generally brought about by the development of new communication technologies. Some examples are the invention of writing systems, the development of mass printing, the use of radio and television, and the invention of the Internet. Technological advances also gave rise to new forms of communication, such as the exchange of data between computers.