Until the 19th century

While in pre-industrial society examples of housing blocks are scarce, although they existed in high-density urban contexts (insulae in Ancient Rome, "skyscrapers" of Shibam in Yemen,[6] "casas a la malicia" in Madrid of the Ancien Regime, Casbah of Algiers), urban growth, especially after the Industrial Revolution, made them essential: such is the case of the Ensanche house model") in the bourgeois expansions of the European cities of the century (using the architectural styles of each period of the time and their local versions, generically included in eclecticism and historicism: Biedermeier, Victorian style, Louis Philippe style, Second Empire style, Third Republic style, etc.)[20]​.

In the outskirts and urban periphery (suburbs), both single-family and multi-family homes were built; being significant the social projects (cheap houses, affordable housing"), etc.),[21]​ that lasted throughout the century, and whose philanthropic approach can be considered the heir of the model cities,[22]​ phalansteries and worker colonies of utopian socialism or industrial paternalism (which could be single-family homes, in contexts where the surface was not a limiting factor - garden city, linear city - or multi-family). See also social question, social doctrine of the Church, industrial archeology, New Lanark (1785), Port Sunlight (1888), Familistère de Guise") (1856),[23]​ Cité Napoléon") (1851),[24]​ Familistère Godin (1880),[25]​ Colonia Güell, Bustiello (Mieres) "Bustiello (Mieres)"), Crespi d'Adda, Wolfsburg, Colonia Acero") (1911), Colonia Cuauhtémoc (1918),[26]​ etc.[27]​.

Another example of typology would occur in England, the "back to back"), where the driest utilitarianism was applied, making the most of the land, dispensing with free spaces and patios, designing homes where most of the rooms lacked light and ventilation.[28] Contrasting with the farm house that had small gardens in front and behind, the new version, the worker's house, had only a small patio in the back. On the other hand On the other hand, rural housing, which over the centuries had evolved from being made up of a single room to having two floors, with a living room and a sink on the lower floor and one or two bedrooms on the upper floor, suffered a setback in its urban version, remaining only a single room that in the best of cases had a small compartment in one of the corners to place the bed. It is thought that, in an attempt to maximize the use of urban land, the counter fronts of the houses were lined up in the backyard. buildings that face the street, creating units with blind bottoms, without access or ventilation. In the back of the patios, the community services were located, mere earthen latrines that were frequently shared in a proportion of seven families per latrine. This lung of the block was often accessed through a tunnel under the first floor of a unit facing the street.[29]​.

Late 19th century and 20th century (between 1871 and 1989)

Starting from the Chicago school "Chicago School (architecture)") (the fire of 1871 forced the city to be rebuilt) and the technological changes at the end of the century, which extraordinarily increased both horizontal mobility (collective transport - tram, subway, bus - or individual transport - automobile - which allows long trips from one neighborhood to another in increasingly larger cities) and vertical mobility (the elevator, which allows heights that were previously unfeasible), urban planning and the architecture of the 20th century (functionalism "Functionalism (architecture)"), rationalism "Rationalism (architecture)"), organicism "Organicism (architecture)"), avant-garde, new objectivity, neoplasticism -Nieuwe Beeldende, De Stijl- modern movement, Bauhaus, international style "International Style (architecture)"), Art Deco, brutalism, postmodernism, etc.) include characteristic flat home designs:.

Late 20th century and 21st century (since 1989)

With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the communist regimes of the Eastern Bloc disappeared and the current era of globalization and the prominence of emerging countries began.[58]​ Some significant ones built after 1989:[59][60]​.

Importance in the teaching of architecture

A large proportion of the total volume built at the end of the century and the beginning of the century in Spain consists of collective housing: in addition, the new modern expansions and expansions of cities are created based on block models of collective housing. For this reason, the effort dedicated to teaching and researching the different related typologies is notable in Spanish architecture schools in the "Degree in Building Engineering (Spain)" and postgraduate cycles. Apart from the typical teaching of architecture, specialized Master's degrees such as the Master in Collective Housing (MCH) stand out,[70] directed equally between the Madrid School of Architecture (UPM) and the ETH Zurich.

Until the 19th century

While in pre-industrial society examples of housing blocks are scarce, although they existed in high-density urban contexts (insulae in Ancient Rome, "skyscrapers" of Shibam in Yemen,[6] "casas a la malicia" in Madrid of the Ancien Regime, Casbah of Algiers), urban growth, especially after the Industrial Revolution, made them essential: such is the case of the Ensanche house model") in the bourgeois expansions of the European cities of the century (using the architectural styles of each period of the time and their local versions, generically included in eclecticism and historicism: Biedermeier, Victorian style, Louis Philippe style, Second Empire style, Third Republic style, etc.)[20]​.

In the outskirts and urban periphery (suburbs), both single-family and multi-family homes were built; being significant the social projects (cheap houses, affordable housing"), etc.),[21]​ that lasted throughout the century, and whose philanthropic approach can be considered the heir of the model cities,[22]​ phalansteries and worker colonies of utopian socialism or industrial paternalism (which could be single-family homes, in contexts where the surface was not a limiting factor - garden city, linear city - or multi-family). See also social question, social doctrine of the Church, industrial archeology, New Lanark (1785), Port Sunlight (1888), Familistère de Guise") (1856),[23]​ Cité Napoléon") (1851),[24]​ Familistère Godin (1880),[25]​ Colonia Güell, Bustiello (Mieres) "Bustiello (Mieres)"), Crespi d'Adda, Wolfsburg, Colonia Acero") (1911), Colonia Cuauhtémoc (1918),[26]​ etc.[27]​.

Another example of typology would occur in England, the "back to back"), where the driest utilitarianism was applied, making the most of the land, dispensing with free spaces and patios, designing homes where most of the rooms lacked light and ventilation.[28] Contrasting with the farm house that had small gardens in front and behind, the new version, the worker's house, had only a small patio in the back. On the other hand On the other hand, rural housing, which over the centuries had evolved from being made up of a single room to having two floors, with a living room and a sink on the lower floor and one or two bedrooms on the upper floor, suffered a setback in its urban version, remaining only a single room that in the best of cases had a small compartment in one of the corners to place the bed. It is thought that, in an attempt to maximize the use of urban land, the counter fronts of the houses were lined up in the backyard. buildings that face the street, creating units with blind bottoms, without access or ventilation. In the back of the patios, the community services were located, mere earthen latrines that were frequently shared in a proportion of seven families per latrine. This lung of the block was often accessed through a tunnel under the first floor of a unit facing the street.[29]​.

Late 19th century and 20th century (between 1871 and 1989)

Starting from the Chicago school "Chicago School (architecture)") (the fire of 1871 forced the city to be rebuilt) and the technological changes at the end of the century, which extraordinarily increased both horizontal mobility (collective transport - tram, subway, bus - or individual transport - automobile - which allows long trips from one neighborhood to another in increasingly larger cities) and vertical mobility (the elevator, which allows heights that were previously unfeasible), urban planning and the architecture of the 20th century (functionalism "Functionalism (architecture)"), rationalism "Rationalism (architecture)"), organicism "Organicism (architecture)"), avant-garde, new objectivity, neoplasticism -Nieuwe Beeldende, De Stijl- modern movement, Bauhaus, international style "International Style (architecture)"), Art Deco, brutalism, postmodernism, etc.) include characteristic flat home designs:.

Late 20th century and 21st century (since 1989)

With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the communist regimes of the Eastern Bloc disappeared and the current era of globalization and the prominence of emerging countries began.[58]​ Some significant ones built after 1989:[59][60]​.

Importance in the teaching of architecture

A large proportion of the total volume built at the end of the century and the beginning of the century in Spain consists of collective housing: in addition, the new modern expansions and expansions of cities are created based on block models of collective housing. For this reason, the effort dedicated to teaching and researching the different related typologies is notable in Spanish architecture schools in the "Degree in Building Engineering (Spain)" and postgraduate cycles. Apart from the typical teaching of architecture, specialized Master's degrees such as the Master in Collective Housing (MCH) stand out,[70] directed equally between the Madrid School of Architecture (UPM) and the ETH Zurich.