Collaborative robotics (Cobots)
Introduction
A cobot[1] or co-robot[2] (from collaborative robot) is a robot created to physically interact with humans in a collaborative work environment.[3].
This development contrasts with that of other robots, designed to operate autonomously or with limited assistance,[4] just as most industrial robots built until the 2010s operate.
Cobots were invented in 1996 by J. Edward Colgate and Michael Peshkin,[5] professors at Northwestern University. A 1997 US patent[6] describes them as "an apparatus and method for direct physical interaction between a person and a general purpose manipulator controlled by a computer."
What are the differences between a cobot and an industrial robot?
The main difference that separates both robots is that the traditional industrial robot works massively and usually remains in a fixed position. On the other hand, the cobot or collaborative robot is compact and takes up little space, which allows us to place it in different places with ease.
It should also be noted that cobots[7] are designed to work and even interact with people.
Current technology gives us the possibility of programming them in a simple and intuitive way, so that many of the operators who work with them can give them the pertinent instructions. The programming of traditional robots, however, depends on their supplier.
Safety is another of the big differences between cobots and conventional industrial robots. The former are equipped with sensors that, if they detect any foreign element or obstruction, they stop automatically.
Likewise, it is not necessary to install safety barriers around it. In the case of industrial robots, however, since they work massively and with great force, added to their great weight, they must be protected with safety barriers that serve to protect the operators.
Cobots are currently being used in Japan to care for the elderly and more and more attempts are being made to humanize cobots so that they can interact better with humans. Bringing human logic to computing is complicated, and with the help of an AI that understands the different types of human beings, we will be able to create machines in the future that end up interacting with humans.