Geographic information science (for its acronym in English: GIScience or GISc) also known as geoinformation science, is a scientific discipline that is located at the crossroads between computational science, social sciences and natural sciences.

Geographic information science studies geographic information, including how phenomena are represented in the real world, how humans understand the world, and how all of this can be captured, organized, and analyzed. It is a subfield of geography, in particular, it is part of technical geography") with applications in both physical geography and human geography, although its methods can be applied to various fields of study as well as very different industries.[1]​.

As a field of study or profession, it should be contrasted with geographic information systems (GIS), which is where geospatial data is stored, the software tools to carry out relevant tasks, as well as the professionalization of GIS users. In this order of ideas, one of the main objectives of GIScience is to find practical ways to improve GIS data, software and professional practice, focusing on how GIS is applied in real life, rather than just being another tool of the geographic information system itself. This field of knowledge is sometimes also called: geographic information science.

The British geographer Michael Goodchild defined this area of ​​knowledge in the 1990s, considering that its three main points of interest are: spatial analysis, visualization and the representation of uncertainty. [2] GIScience is conceptually related to geomatics, information science, computer science and data science, but claims its own status as an independent scientific discipline. [3]

Some of the overlapping disciplines are geocomputing, geoinformatics, geomatics, and geovisualization, all of which fall into the geographic branch of technical geography.[4]​[5]​ Other related terms are "geographic data science,"[6][7]​ and "geographic information science and technology," in English: geographic information science and technology or GISci&T.[8]​ Some of the degrees awarded The professionals specialized in the subject, and who are already cataloged in the world of work, are: scientists in geospatial information and technologists in geospatial information.[9]​.