CO2 extinction
Introduction
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO) is a compound of carbon and
oxygen that exists as a colorless gas under standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions.
Before the 2005 IUPAC standards, it was also known as carbon dioxide. This chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom bonded with double covalent bonds to two oxygen atoms. CO exists naturally in the Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a mole fraction of around 400 ppm.[2] The current concentration is around 0.04% (410 ppm) by volume, 45% higher than pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs, geysers and it is released by carbonate rocks when diluted in water and acids. Since CO is water-soluble, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers, lakes, ice fields, glaciers, and seas. It is present in oil and natural gas deposits.[3].
Atmospheric CO is the main source of carbon for life on Earth and its preindustrial concentration since the late Precambrian was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena. As part of the carbon cycle, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use solar energy to photosynthesize carbohydrates from CO and water, while O is released as waste.[4] Plants produce CO during nocturnal respiration[5].
It is a product of respiration by all aerobic organisms. It returns to the water through the gills of fish and to the air through the lungs of land animals, including humans. CO is produced during the processes of decomposition of organic materials and the fermentation of sugars in the manufacture of wine, beer and bread. It is also produced by the combustion of wood (firewood), carbohydrates and fossil fuels such as coal, peat, oil and natural gas.
Cellular respiration (mitochondrial):
It is a versatile industrial material used, for example, as an inert gas in welding and fire extinguishers, as a gas pressurizer in compressed air guns and oil recuperator, as a chemical raw material, and in liquid form as a solvent in decaffeination and supercritical dryers. pressure bursts.
Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas. The burning of carbon fuels since the Industrial Revolution has rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. It is also the main cause of ocean acidification, since it dissolves in water forming carbonic acid.[6].