Climate mitigation
Introduction
Climate change mitigation is the set of actions aimed at reducing the intensity of radiative forcing in order to reduce the potential effects of global warming.[2] In general, mitigation involves the reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations, either by reducing their sources[3] or by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks to absorb GHGs from the atmosphere.[4].
Despite the treaties, agreements, subsidies and taxes in force, the spring of 2023 marked the fourth largest annual increase in carbon dioxide emissions since measurements began in 1958.[5].
There is great potential for future emissions reductions through a combination of activities, such as energy conservation and increasing energy efficiency; the use of low-carbon energy technologies, such as renewable energy, nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage;[6][7] and improving carbon sinks through, for example, reforestation and preventing deforestation.[6][7] A 2015 report by Citibank concluded that the transition to a low-carbon economy would produce a positive return on investments.[8].
Short- and long-term trends in the global energy system are not compatible with limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2°C (relative to pre-industrial levels). The short term will allow for slower reductions after 2030.[11] Many comprehensive models are unable to achieve the 2°C goal if pessimistic assumptions are made about the availability of mitigating technologies.[12].
Mitigation is distinguished from adaptation, which involves acting to minimize the effects of global warming.
Mitigation means
The scientific consensus on global warming, together with the principle of prevention and the fear of abrupt climate change, lead to new efforts to develop technologies and sciences in order to mitigate the effects of global warming.[13] Unfortunately most means of mitigation appear effective at preventing additional warming, not reversing existing warming.[14].
The Stern Rebenson report shows different ways to contain climate change. These include: reducing demand "Demand (economy)") for goods and services that produce high emissions, increasing efficiency, increasing the use and development of low carbon dioxide technologies and reducing fuel emissions.[15].
The European Union's energy policy has set a goal of limiting temperature rise to two degrees Celsius (3.6°F) compared to pre-industrial levels, of which 0.8°C has already been achieved and another 0.5°C is underway. The 2°C rise is usually associated with climate models with carbon dioxide concentrations of 400-500 ppm by volume, current levels by volume in January 2007 are 383 ppm by volume, and increasing by 2 ppm annually.