Climate Justice Architecture
Introduction
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)[1] was adopted in New York on May 9, 1992 and opened for signature on June 4, 1992 in Rio de Janeiro,[2] entered into force on March 21, 1994. It allows, among other things, to strengthen public awareness, on a global scale, of the problems related to climate change. The 197 countries that have ratified the Convention are called Parties to the Convention.[3][4][5].
In 1997, governments agreed to incorporate an addition to the treaty, known as the Kyoto Protocol, which has stronger (and legally binding) measures.[6].
In 2006, this Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was amended in Nairobi and a new protocol was planned to be adopted in 2009 in Copenhagen, which had to be delayed and moved to Mexico in 2010.
Background
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
In 1972 the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm. For the first time, the issue of environmental degradation appears on the agenda of the main world governments. The UN brought together the highest representatives of nations trying to find solutions to stop the degradation of the planet. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was born with the intention of creating a new ecological awareness among people. The need to educate young people and adults in the prevention and solution of environmental problems that endangered the sustainability of the planet was recognized. The different actions that were organized established main areas: climate change, soil degradation, deterioration of the coastline and oceans, biological impoverishment, toxic waste, management of shared drinking water resources and the deterioration of people's quality of life.
Earth Summit
Two decades later, the so-called Earth Summit on Environment and Development (1992) would be held in Rio de Janeiro, which sought to lay the foundations for a global policy that would allow the sustainable development of the planet. At this meeting, five fundamental texts are approved: The Rio Declaration or Earth Charter, the Forest Declaration, the Convention on Biodiversity, the Climate Convention, the Convention to Combat Desertification and Agenda 21 or Program for the Century, which listed the different actions that would be carried out in the following decade.