CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture)
Introduction
The Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (also known as CIAM or the International Congress of Modern Architecture) was founded in 1928 and dissolved in 1959, it was the laboratory of ideas of the modern movement (or international style) in architecture. It consisted of an organization and a series of conferences and meetings.[1].
Ideology
Faced with the problems that the Industrial Revolution generated in cities, a current of thinkers focused on providing a solution with the promise of their commitment to transform and improve society. They became the main forum for debate on functionalism. They propose a universal project framework for urban planning. For them, space must be organized according to the main human activities considered as functions: work, housing, transportation, leisure. Each function corresponds to a specific urban and architectural treatment, in a separate and differentiated space. They have an idea of a universal man, who is independent of his sex, race, age, origin. Man who generates uniform and anonymous spaces, lacking the complexity of the traditional city. After the war they became a new academicism, that is, a generalized way of doing things, which critically reproduces copies.
Training and members
In the century there are many manifestos in which the term "architecture as a social art" is repeated. Among the many issues that draw our attention are the concepts and buildings of architects associated with the CIAM, founded in June 1928 at the castle of Sarraz in Switzerland, by a group of 28 European architects organized by Le Corbusier, Hélène de Mandrot (owner of the castle), and Sigfried Giedion (the first secretary general).
Other founding members were Karl Moser (first president), Victor Bourgeois, Pierre Chareau, Josef Frank, Gabriel Guevrekian, Max Ernst Haefeli, Hugo Häring, Arnold Höchel"), Huib Hoste, Pierre Jeanneret (Le Corbusier's cousin), André Lurçat, Ernst May, Max Cetto, Fernando García Mercadal, Hannes Meyer, Werner Max Moser, Carlo Enrico Rava"), Gerrit Rietveld, Alberto Sartoris, Hans Schmidt, Mart Stam, Rudolf Steiger, Henri-Robert Von der Mühll"), and Juan de Zavala.