Chemical erosion is the loss of mass of a material due to chemical reactions. A common form of chemical erosion in geological materials is the dissolution of elements in water.[1][2] The chemical erosion of silicates "Silicate (mineral)"), a group of minerals that predominates in the Earth's crust, is particularly high in mountainous areas and even more so in tropical mountainous areas.[3][4][5] In conjunction with the erosion of silicates of a rock or sediment, the oxidation of pyrite and other sulfides usually occurs in addition to oxidation. of organic matter.[3] For the purposes of calculating chemical erosion on a global scale, some authors assume that there is no significant chemical erosion under the glacier caps.[6] However, there are scientists who suggest that under glaciers where there is liquid water at the base, chemical erosion is particularly effective given the existence of fresh rock fragments and minerals with surfaces prone to the process.[7][8].
The chemical erosion of silicates contributes to the sequestration of CO from the atmosphere.[3] It is estimated that the chemical erosion of rocks and minerals has increased throughout the Cenozoic due to the rise of mountains.[9] Consequently, it has been postulated that chemical erosion has contributed significantly to the gradual cooling of the Earth's atmosphere in the Cenozoic, which has led to the Quaternary glaciation.[9].
When considered on a smaller scale, chemical weathering can weaken rocks and decrease their shear resistance as has been demonstrated experimentally for sandstones.[2] Beach rock is a type of rock that frequently presents clear evidence of chemical weathering.[10].
[2] ↑ a b Chen, Cancan; Peng, Shoujian; Wu, Shankang; Xu, Jiang (2019). «The effect of chemical erosion on mechanical properties and fracture of sandstone under shear loading: an experimental study». Scientific Reports (en inglés) 9. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56196-2.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56196-2
[3] ↑ a b c Rout, Rakesh Kumar; Tripathy, Gyana Ranjan (2024). «Net effect of chemical erosion in a tropical basin on carbon cycle: Constraints from elemental and sulfur isotopic composition of the Mahanadi river water». Chemical Geology (en inglés) 644. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121859.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254123005600
[4] ↑ Larsen, I.J., Montgomery, D.R., & Greenberg, H.M. (2014). «The contribution of mountains to global denudation». Geology 42 (6): 527-530.
[5] ↑ Hilley, G.E., & Porder, S. (2008). «A framework for predicting global silicate weathering and CO2 drawdown rates over geologic time-scales». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (44): 16855-16859.: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0801462105
[6] ↑ Gibbs, Mark T.; Kump, Lee R. (1994). «Global chemical erosion during the Last Glacial Maximum and the present: Sensitivity to changes in lithology and hydrology». Paleooceanography and Paleoclimatology (en inglés) 9 (4): 529-543. doi:10.1029/94PA01009.: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94PA01009
chemical erosion
Introduction
Chemical erosion is the loss of mass of a material due to chemical reactions. A common form of chemical erosion in geological materials is the dissolution of elements in water.[1][2] The chemical erosion of silicates "Silicate (mineral)"), a group of minerals that predominates in the Earth's crust, is particularly high in mountainous areas and even more so in tropical mountainous areas.[3][4][5] In conjunction with the erosion of silicates of a rock or sediment, the oxidation of pyrite and other sulfides usually occurs in addition to oxidation. of organic matter.[3] For the purposes of calculating chemical erosion on a global scale, some authors assume that there is no significant chemical erosion under the glacier caps.[6] However, there are scientists who suggest that under glaciers where there is liquid water at the base, chemical erosion is particularly effective given the existence of fresh rock fragments and minerals with surfaces prone to the process.[7][8].
The chemical erosion of silicates contributes to the sequestration of CO from the atmosphere.[3] It is estimated that the chemical erosion of rocks and minerals has increased throughout the Cenozoic due to the rise of mountains.[9] Consequently, it has been postulated that chemical erosion has contributed significantly to the gradual cooling of the Earth's atmosphere in the Cenozoic, which has led to the Quaternary glaciation.[9].
When considered on a smaller scale, chemical weathering can weaken rocks and decrease their shear resistance as has been demonstrated experimentally for sandstones.[2] Beach rock is a type of rock that frequently presents clear evidence of chemical weathering.[10].
[7] ↑ Brennand, Tracy A. (2004). «Glacifluvial (Glaciofluvial)». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 459-465.
[8] ↑ Goudie, A.S. (2004). «Glacial erosion». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 447-448.
[9] ↑ a b Kump, Lee R.; Arthur, Michael A. (1997). «Global Chemical Erosion during the Cenozoic: Weatherability Balances the Budgets». En William F. Ruddiman, ed. Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change (en inglés). pp. 399-426. ISBN 978-1-4613-7719-1. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5935-1.: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-5935-1_18
[10] ↑ Goudie, A.S. (2004). «Beach rock». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 73-74.
[2] ↑ a b Chen, Cancan; Peng, Shoujian; Wu, Shankang; Xu, Jiang (2019). «The effect of chemical erosion on mechanical properties and fracture of sandstone under shear loading: an experimental study». Scientific Reports (en inglés) 9. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56196-2.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56196-2
[3] ↑ a b c Rout, Rakesh Kumar; Tripathy, Gyana Ranjan (2024). «Net effect of chemical erosion in a tropical basin on carbon cycle: Constraints from elemental and sulfur isotopic composition of the Mahanadi river water». Chemical Geology (en inglés) 644. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121859.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254123005600
[4] ↑ Larsen, I.J., Montgomery, D.R., & Greenberg, H.M. (2014). «The contribution of mountains to global denudation». Geology 42 (6): 527-530.
[5] ↑ Hilley, G.E., & Porder, S. (2008). «A framework for predicting global silicate weathering and CO2 drawdown rates over geologic time-scales». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (44): 16855-16859.: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0801462105
[6] ↑ Gibbs, Mark T.; Kump, Lee R. (1994). «Global chemical erosion during the Last Glacial Maximum and the present: Sensitivity to changes in lithology and hydrology». Paleooceanography and Paleoclimatology (en inglés) 9 (4): 529-543. doi:10.1029/94PA01009.: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94PA01009
[7] ↑ Brennand, Tracy A. (2004). «Glacifluvial (Glaciofluvial)». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 459-465.
[8] ↑ Goudie, A.S. (2004). «Glacial erosion». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 447-448.
[9] ↑ a b Kump, Lee R.; Arthur, Michael A. (1997). «Global Chemical Erosion during the Cenozoic: Weatherability Balances the Budgets». En William F. Ruddiman, ed. Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change (en inglés). pp. 399-426. ISBN 978-1-4613-7719-1. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5935-1.: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-5935-1_18
[10] ↑ Goudie, A.S. (2004). «Beach rock». En Goudie, A.S., ed. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. p. 73-74.