Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone)
Introduction
The Ishikawa diagram (also called fishbone diagram or cause and effect diagram) is a diagram based on the causal model created in 1943 and later perfected by Kaoru Ishikawa that schematically shows the possible causes of a specific problem or effect.[1][2] Its purpose is to rationally organize the analysis of a priority problem in different types of processes, especially those related to industrial production but not limited to them.[3] It is one of the seven basic tools of quality control.[4][5].
Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality defect prevention to identify possible factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are often grouped into major categories to identify and classify these sources of variation.
Synopsis
The Ishikawa diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram, takes its name from its resemblance to the lateral skeletal structure of a fish. [6] In this diagram, the defect is illustrated as the head of a fish, pointing to the right, while the causes expand to the left, simulating the fish's spines; The ribs branch from the vertebral column to represent the main causes, with subdivisions for the root causes, extending to various levels according to need.[1].
The Ishikawa diagram was created in 1943, then refined and popularized in the 1960s by Kaoru Ishikawa while working at the University of Tokyo,[1][7][8] who pioneered quality management processes at the Kawasaki shipyards and, in the process, became one of the founding fathers of modern management.
The basic concept was first used in the 1920s and is now considered one of the seven basic tools of quality control.[5] It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.
Mazda Motors famously used an Ishikawa diagram in the development of the Miata (MX5) sports car.[9].
Stages for preparing an Ishikawa diagram
Contenido
Las principales etapas en la elaboración del diagrama de Ishikawa son los siguientes:[8].