A structural system is the physical model or body that serves as a framework for the structural elements, and that reflects a way of working. An object can have, in turn, a mixture of structural systems.

They can be classified by their field of action (computer science, molecular...), work system (active vector, compression, traction...) and material (natural fiber, natural stone, ceramic...).

Portico systems

Portico system is one that uses as a structure a series of porticos arranged in the same direction, on which a slab is arranged. It is independent of its bracing, which may be done with transverse porticos, St. Andrew's crosses, screens or other methods; and the material used, generally concrete or wood. This system is the most used today in developed areas, especially in concrete since Le Corbusier's Domino patent. The slabs transmit the loads to the pillars or walls, and these to the foundation.

Vaulted systems

With a hypothetical origin in the first smelting furnaces, it was a system widely used in Mesopotamia and the European Middle Ages. It is based on vaults, which focus the loads on arches reinforced by pilasters or buttresses. To use it, materials are required that can withstand compression forces well, which is why they have traditionally been built in ceramic brick or stone.

A subdivision can be made with domed systems, whose domes are braced with pendentives, allowing very large central spaces. This system was widely used in the Byzantine Empire, its best-known example being Hagia Sophia, in Istanbul.

Tensed systems

It is said of all systems that work by traction, such as cables. They can be exemplified in circus tents. They can also be rigid bar systems. The materials used are those that have high tensile strength, such as steel.

inflatable systems

They operate under the pressure of a compressed gas between membranes. The gas causes the membranes - fabrics, plastics or synthetic materials - to stretch until they no longer give any more, and the pressure it generates prevents the structure from collapsing. Stalls of this type that are set up for sports competitions and children's attractions where children have fun jumping can serve as an example.

Mixed systems

There are systems that use properties of those mentioned above. For example, cantilever systems that use a large support that works in compression, with a cable as a second support, which in turn carries the loads to the first. Fundamentally, the first support will be working in compound compression, the cantilever will actually be a beam that works in flexion, and the cable will work in tension.