Book Value
Introduction
Accounting is a discipline of economic sciences that aims to study, measure, record and analyze the assets and the patrimonial, economic and financial situation of an entity, whether it is a company, organization or person. Its purpose is to provide structured, reliable and relevant information that facilitates internal decision-making and external management control.[1][2].
Accounting information, previously recorded and organized in a systematic manner, is presented in reports and financial statements that are useful to different interested parties, such as shareholders, directors, employees, creditors, regulatory agencies and other external entities.
Accounting can be divided into several fields, including financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting, and cost accounting.[3] Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements to external users such as investors, regulators, and suppliers.[4] Management accounting focuses on measurement, analysis, and reporting for internal use by management.[5] The recording of financial transactions is known as accounting, of which accounting Double entry is the most common system.[6] Accounting information systems") are designed to support accounting functions and related activities.
It is a discipline that applies theory and processes, which are:
Types of accounting
Contenido
La contabilidad puede ser clasificada en dos ramas, dependiendo del criterio de división utilizado. De acuerdo con el tipo de unidad económica a la que se refiere la información contable generada se puede hacer la siguiente clasificación:[15].
Macroaccounting
National accounting offers the systematic numerical representation of the economic activity of a country, during a given period. It is prepared by the States, it provides useful information that guides the country's economic policy.
Microaccounting
It is the accounting of small economic units. Its objective is to provide information that will be used in decision making. Within microaccounting, a distinction is made between public accounting, executed by the different public administrations, and private accounting, oriented toward the company.