In general, a set of boards joined by the edges to form a smooth surface is called board.[1][2] In construction, flat supports made of wood or other materials are frequently used, which serve to hold structural elements, both temporarily (when it comes to formwork or formwork) and definitively (in the case of roofs).
Likewise, the term deck[3] also refers to the structural element on which the roadway of a bridge rests, extending to any type of bridge the name of the set of boards with which passage is enabled on wooden bridges.
Architecture
In architecture, board is specifically called the inclined enclosure built with simple hollow brick or rasillons, on the roofs of buildings. On this, properly waterproofed, the tile rests.[1][4].
This name is also used when it comes to stone, to indicate that it is a carved stone with a smooth surface and is extended to other materials such as sheet metal,[5] rigid plastics, etc.[1].
From the point of view of building works, boards (normally made of conglomerate wood, but also laminated, treated with resins against humidity or reinforced with metal elements) are an essential element as an auxiliary means in numerous activities linked to construction. They are part of stairs and scaffolding, and continue to be used in all types of formwork and falsework, especially when it is necessary to concrete elements with complex geometry, which are less likely to be executed with standardized metal formwork. The boards take advantage of the technological characteristics of wood, a renewable, biodegradable, recyclable material that does not pollute the environment.[6].
Engineering
In engineering, the surface of a bridge, intended for transit over it, is called deck. It is a superstructure element "Superstructure (engineering)") that can be built of wood, stone slabs, bricks, concrete or steel, depending on the era and typology of the bridge. It may be covered by a layer of ballast or a concrete slab to accommodate the tracks (in the case of railway bridges), or by an asphalt pavement or another form of pavement to facilitate the crossing of vehicles. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-frames, caissons or U-sections) or may be supported on T-beams or steel girders.
Board (Bridge)
Introduction
In general, a set of boards joined by the edges to form a smooth surface is called board.[1][2] In construction, flat supports made of wood or other materials are frequently used, which serve to hold structural elements, both temporarily (when it comes to formwork or formwork) and definitively (in the case of roofs).
Likewise, the term deck[3] also refers to the structural element on which the roadway of a bridge rests, extending to any type of bridge the name of the set of boards with which passage is enabled on wooden bridges.
Architecture
In architecture, board is specifically called the inclined enclosure built with simple hollow brick or rasillons, on the roofs of buildings. On this, properly waterproofed, the tile rests.[1][4].
This name is also used when it comes to stone, to indicate that it is a carved stone with a smooth surface and is extended to other materials such as sheet metal,[5] rigid plastics, etc.[1].
From the point of view of building works, boards (normally made of conglomerate wood, but also laminated, treated with resins against humidity or reinforced with metal elements) are an essential element as an auxiliary means in numerous activities linked to construction. They are part of stairs and scaffolding, and continue to be used in all types of formwork and falsework, especially when it is necessary to concrete elements with complex geometry, which are less likely to be executed with standardized metal formwork. The boards take advantage of the technological characteristics of wood, a renewable, biodegradable, recyclable material that does not pollute the environment.[6].
Engineering
In engineering, the surface of a bridge, intended for transit over it, is called deck. It is a superstructure element "Superstructure (engineering)") that can be built of wood, stone slabs, bricks, concrete or steel, depending on the era and typology of the bridge. It may be covered by a layer of ballast or a concrete slab to accommodate the tracks (in the case of railway bridges), or by an asphalt pavement or another form of pavement to facilitate the crossing of vehicles. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-frames, caissons or U-sections) or may be supported on T-beams or steel girders.
In old bridges based on ashlar arches, brick or mass concrete, the deck is generally embedded in the general volume of the structure, so it is not a clearly distinguishable element. On the other hand, in beam bridges, suspension bridges, truss bridges or cable-stayed bridges, the deck is usually a prismatic element with a constant section endowed with its own identity, which runs from side to side of the structure superimposed or hanging from it.
In truss bridges, it is common to have a framework of secondary elements to provide continuity to the deck.[7] In the case of a suspension bridge, the deck is suspended from the main structural elements; while when the bridge is an arch, the deck is supported by columns (if it has the arch below), or will hang from it (if it has it above). In cable-stayed arch bridges or cable-stayed bridges, the deck is a key structural element, transmitting stresses or compressions to support the bridge.
A deck bridge is one in which the deck itself is the main structural element that houses the roadway. Contrast with a truss bridge, which can accommodate a deck at the top or bottom (or both) of a structural truss.
Structural analysis
For calculation purposes, structural engineers work with different types of bridge decks. In a "beam deck", any supporting structure is considered to act jointly as a single beam. A "lattice deck" uses beams and diaphragms&action=edit&redlink=1 "Diaphragm (structures) (not yet drafted)") as supporting structures, whose behavior is analyzed as that of a framework of elements. A "slab board" is one that functions like a plate; If the slab has a different stiffness in two orthogonal directions, then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck. A "beam-slab deck" is one in which the beams can bend partially independently and the transverse forces are carried to the deck. A "cellular deck" is one in which a series of slabs and thin web members enclose cells within the deck. Finally, a "deck" "box beam" is formed by hollow prismatic beams, and is analyzed as such.[8].
Railway bridge decks
A railway bridge, with its track on sleepers supported directly on longitudinal structural elements that support the load of the superstructure (beams or girders) is called "open deck". When the track rests on ballast along the bridge, it is called a "ballasted deck." The term "direct fixation" is used when the rails are anchored directly to the bridge superstructure (without using sleepers).[9].
[3] ↑ Acepción número 22 del Diccionario de la Real Academia: 22. m. Ingen. Estructura que sostiene la calzada de un puente.
[4] ↑ Diccionario de Arquitectura y Construcción. «Definición de tablero y conceptos relacionados». Consultado el 25 de octubre de 2015.: http://www.parro.com.ar/definicion-de-tablero
[7] ↑ Members of a Truss Bridge, by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.: https://books.google.com/books?id=A3oSAAAAYAAJ
[9] ↑ Sorgenfrei, Donald F.; Marianos, W.N. (4 de noviembre de 1999). «Railroad Bridges». En Chen, Wai-Fah; Lian, Duan, eds. Bridge Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 23-5. ISBN 0-8493-7434-0.: https://books.google.com/books?id=XxYKgLVnT8YC
In old bridges based on ashlar arches, brick or mass concrete, the deck is generally embedded in the general volume of the structure, so it is not a clearly distinguishable element. On the other hand, in beam bridges, suspension bridges, truss bridges or cable-stayed bridges, the deck is usually a prismatic element with a constant section endowed with its own identity, which runs from side to side of the structure superimposed or hanging from it.
In truss bridges, it is common to have a framework of secondary elements to provide continuity to the deck.[7] In the case of a suspension bridge, the deck is suspended from the main structural elements; while when the bridge is an arch, the deck is supported by columns (if it has the arch below), or will hang from it (if it has it above). In cable-stayed arch bridges or cable-stayed bridges, the deck is a key structural element, transmitting stresses or compressions to support the bridge.
A deck bridge is one in which the deck itself is the main structural element that houses the roadway. Contrast with a truss bridge, which can accommodate a deck at the top or bottom (or both) of a structural truss.
Structural analysis
For calculation purposes, structural engineers work with different types of bridge decks. In a "beam deck", any supporting structure is considered to act jointly as a single beam. A "lattice deck" uses beams and diaphragms&action=edit&redlink=1 "Diaphragm (structures) (not yet drafted)") as supporting structures, whose behavior is analyzed as that of a framework of elements. A "slab board" is one that functions like a plate; If the slab has a different stiffness in two orthogonal directions, then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck. A "beam-slab deck" is one in which the beams can bend partially independently and the transverse forces are carried to the deck. A "cellular deck" is one in which a series of slabs and thin web members enclose cells within the deck. Finally, a "deck" "box beam" is formed by hollow prismatic beams, and is analyzed as such.[8].
Railway bridge decks
A railway bridge, with its track on sleepers supported directly on longitudinal structural elements that support the load of the superstructure (beams or girders) is called "open deck". When the track rests on ballast along the bridge, it is called a "ballasted deck." The term "direct fixation" is used when the rails are anchored directly to the bridge superstructure (without using sleepers).[9].
[3] ↑ Acepción número 22 del Diccionario de la Real Academia: 22. m. Ingen. Estructura que sostiene la calzada de un puente.
[4] ↑ Diccionario de Arquitectura y Construcción. «Definición de tablero y conceptos relacionados». Consultado el 25 de octubre de 2015.: http://www.parro.com.ar/definicion-de-tablero
[7] ↑ Members of a Truss Bridge, by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.: https://books.google.com/books?id=A3oSAAAAYAAJ
[9] ↑ Sorgenfrei, Donald F.; Marianos, W.N. (4 de noviembre de 1999). «Railroad Bridges». En Chen, Wai-Fah; Lian, Duan, eds. Bridge Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 23-5. ISBN 0-8493-7434-0.: https://books.google.com/books?id=XxYKgLVnT8YC