Automatic engineering is a multidisciplinary area that is responsible for the conception and development of automata, industrial machines and other automatic processes.

Automatic engineering is responsible for the automation of technical processes in the following areas:

Within automatic engineering there are, among others, the following subdisciplines:

The design, implementation and commissioning of automatic systems is a very methodical process. These automatic engineering methods are partly divided into Modern Engineering processes.

(automation from English automotivation)

Today, electronic engineering is an integral part of Control Engineering. Almost all automatic systems work with the help of electronics, leaving automatic systems based on mechanics in the background. On the other hand, digital systems are becoming increasingly important in this area, especially microprocessors and digital-analog (D/A) as well as analog-digital (A/D) converters.[2]​.

Most of the general methods of control engineering are based on the use of analytical models of the process to be studied, obtained theoretically or experimentally. "From these models, scientific methods can be used to obtain control systems for them. This part of automation is of great importance, with the following methods:

With these methods, intelligent systems can be designed with regulators based on models that self-update and with fault control, which can make decisions based on the information they obtain through their sensors. They are also of great importance in mechatronics and are also used in the digital control of robots, machine tools, motors, cars and pneumatic and hydraulic systems.

Contenido

El control es un área de la ingeniería y forma parte de la Ingeniería de Control. Se centra en el control de los sistemas dinámicos mediante el principio de la realimentación, para conseguir que las salidas de los mismos se acerquen lo más posible a un comportamiento predefinido. Esta rama de la ingeniería tiene como herramientas los métodos de la teoría de sistemas matemática.

Las bases de esta ingeniería se sentaron a mediados del siglo a partir de la cibernética. Sus principales aportaciones corresponden a Norbert Wiener, Rudolf Kalman") y David G. Luenberger").

La ingeniería de control es una ciencia interdisciplinar relacionada con muchos otros campos, principalmente las matemáticas y la informática. Las aplicaciones son de lo más variado: desde tecnología de fabricación"), instrumentación médica, Subestación eléctrica, ingeniería de procesos, robótica hasta economía y sociología. Aplicaciones típicas son, por ejemplo, el piloto automático de aviones y barcos y el ABS de los automóviles. En la biología se pueden encontrar también sistemas de control realimentados, como por ejemplo el habla humana, donde el oído recoge la propia voz para regularla.

El control de temperatura en una habitación es un ejemplo claro y típico de una aplicación de ingeniería de control. El objetivo es mantener la temperatura de una habitación en un valor deseado, aunque la apertura de puertas y ventanas y la temperatura en el exterior hagan que la cantidad de calor que pierde la habitación sean variables (perturbaciones externas). Para alcanzar el objetivo, el sistema de calefacción debe modificarse para compensar esas perturbaciones. Esto se hace a través del termostato, que mide la temperatura actual y la temperatura deseada, y modifica la temperatura del agua del sistema de calefacción para reducir la diferencia entre las dos temperaturas.

Introduction

Modern control engineering is closely related to electrical and electronic engineering, as electronic circuits can be easily modeled using techniques from control theory. In many universities, control engineering courses are generally taught by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Prior to modern electronics, process control devices were designed by mechanical engineering, which included devices such as cams along with pneumatic and hydraulic devices. Some of these mechanical devices are still used today in combination with modern electronic devices.

The control applied in industry is known as process control. It deals primarily with the control of variables such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc., in a chemical process in a plant. It is included as part of the curriculum of any chemical engineering program. It employs many of the principles of control engineering.

Control engineering is a very broad area and any engineering can use the same principles and techniques that it uses.

Control engineering has diversified to such an extent that today it is even applied in fields such as biology, finance, and even human behavior.

The control engineering student begins the course with the so-called linear control systems that require the use of elementary mathematics and the Laplace transform (called classical control theory). In linear control, the student analyzes the systems in the frequency and time domain while in nonlinear systems") and in digital control the use of linear algebra and the Z transform is required respectively. From here there are several secondary branches.

Control engineering is a discipline that focuses on mathematically modeling a diverse range of dynamic systems and the design of controllers that will make these systems behave in the desired way. Although such controllers are not necessarily electronic and therefore control engineering is often a subfield of other engineering such as mechanics.

Devices such as electrical circuits, digital processors and microcontrollers are widely used in every modern control system.

Control engineering has a wide range of applications in areas such as the flight and propulsion systems of airline aircraft, the military, the space race, and lately in the automotive industry.

The objective of automatic control is to be able to manage with one or more inputs (or reference), one or more outputs of a plant or system, to do so, the most primitive idea is to place between the reference and the plant, a controller that is the inverse of the transfer function of the plant, in such a way that the transfer function of the entire system (the plant plus the controller) is equal to one; thus achieving that the output is equal to the input; This first idea is called open loop control. A classic example of open loop control is a clothes washing machine since it operates during a predetermined cycle without using sensors.

The disadvantages of open loop control are:.

-You never know the plant, at most you can know an approximate model, so the perfect inverse cannot be achieved.

-Cannot be used to control unstable plants.

-Does not compensate for disturbances in the system.

-If the plant has a relative degree greater than zero, a controller that inverts it cannot be created, since a transfer function with a degree less than zero cannot be created.

-It is impossible to perfectly invert a plant, if it has delays, since its inverse would be an advance in time (one should have the ability to predict the future).

A more advanced idea, and more widely implemented, is the concept of feedback, in which the measurement of the output of the system is used as another input of the system, in such a way that a controller can be designed that adjusts the performance to vary the output and bring it to the desired value. For example, the human body performs feedback control to maintain homeostasis, it has sensors for each element in the body and if an abnormal amount is detected, the body has systems to compensate for it (these systems would be the controller), which produces an action (closes valves, produces more substance, etc.) until the sensors tell the body that balance has been reached; Another example: in a car with cruise control, the speed is sensed and continuously fed back to the system that adjusts the speed of the engine by supplying fuel to it, in the latter case the output of the system would be the speed of the engine, the controller would be the system that decides how much fuel to add according to the speed and the action would be the amount of fuel supplied.

The advantages of feedback control are:.

-Can control unstable systems

-Can compensate for disturbances

-Can control systems even if they have modeling errors.

Disadvantages:.

-The use of sensors makes control more expensive (in money)

-The problem of noise is introduced when making the measurement.

Automatic engineering is a multidisciplinary area that is responsible for the conception and development of automata, industrial machines and other automatic processes.

Automatic engineering is responsible for the automation of technical processes in the following areas:

Within automatic engineering there are, among others, the following subdisciplines:

The design, implementation and commissioning of automatic systems is a very methodical process. These automatic engineering methods are partly divided into Modern Engineering processes.

(automation from English automotivation)

Today, electronic engineering is an integral part of Control Engineering. Almost all automatic systems work with the help of electronics, leaving automatic systems based on mechanics in the background. On the other hand, digital systems are becoming increasingly important in this area, especially microprocessors and digital-analog (D/A) as well as analog-digital (A/D) converters.[2]​.

Most of the general methods of control engineering are based on the use of analytical models of the process to be studied, obtained theoretically or experimentally. "From these models, scientific methods can be used to obtain control systems for them. This part of automation is of great importance, with the following methods:

With these methods, intelligent systems can be designed with regulators based on models that self-update and with fault control, which can make decisions based on the information they obtain through their sensors. They are also of great importance in mechatronics and are also used in the digital control of robots, machine tools, motors, cars and pneumatic and hydraulic systems.

Contenido

El control es un área de la ingeniería y forma parte de la Ingeniería de Control. Se centra en el control de los sistemas dinámicos mediante el principio de la realimentación, para conseguir que las salidas de los mismos se acerquen lo más posible a un comportamiento predefinido. Esta rama de la ingeniería tiene como herramientas los métodos de la teoría de sistemas matemática.

Las bases de esta ingeniería se sentaron a mediados del siglo a partir de la cibernética. Sus principales aportaciones corresponden a Norbert Wiener, Rudolf Kalman") y David G. Luenberger").

La ingeniería de control es una ciencia interdisciplinar relacionada con muchos otros campos, principalmente las matemáticas y la informática. Las aplicaciones son de lo más variado: desde tecnología de fabricación"), instrumentación médica, Subestación eléctrica, ingeniería de procesos, robótica hasta economía y sociología. Aplicaciones típicas son, por ejemplo, el piloto automático de aviones y barcos y el ABS de los automóviles. En la biología se pueden encontrar también sistemas de control realimentados, como por ejemplo el habla humana, donde el oído recoge la propia voz para regularla.

El control de temperatura en una habitación es un ejemplo claro y típico de una aplicación de ingeniería de control. El objetivo es mantener la temperatura de una habitación en un valor deseado, aunque la apertura de puertas y ventanas y la temperatura en el exterior hagan que la cantidad de calor que pierde la habitación sean variables (perturbaciones externas). Para alcanzar el objetivo, el sistema de calefacción debe modificarse para compensar esas perturbaciones. Esto se hace a través del termostato, que mide la temperatura actual y la temperatura deseada, y modifica la temperatura del agua del sistema de calefacción para reducir la diferencia entre las dos temperaturas.

Introduction

Modern control engineering is closely related to electrical and electronic engineering, as electronic circuits can be easily modeled using techniques from control theory. In many universities, control engineering courses are generally taught by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Prior to modern electronics, process control devices were designed by mechanical engineering, which included devices such as cams along with pneumatic and hydraulic devices. Some of these mechanical devices are still used today in combination with modern electronic devices.

The control applied in industry is known as process control. It deals primarily with the control of variables such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc., in a chemical process in a plant. It is included as part of the curriculum of any chemical engineering program. It employs many of the principles of control engineering.

Control engineering is a very broad area and any engineering can use the same principles and techniques that it uses.

Control engineering has diversified to such an extent that today it is even applied in fields such as biology, finance, and even human behavior.

The control engineering student begins the course with the so-called linear control systems that require the use of elementary mathematics and the Laplace transform (called classical control theory). In linear control, the student analyzes the systems in the frequency and time domain while in nonlinear systems") and in digital control the use of linear algebra and the Z transform is required respectively. From here there are several secondary branches.

Control engineering is a discipline that focuses on mathematically modeling a diverse range of dynamic systems and the design of controllers that will make these systems behave in the desired way. Although such controllers are not necessarily electronic and therefore control engineering is often a subfield of other engineering such as mechanics.

Devices such as electrical circuits, digital processors and microcontrollers are widely used in every modern control system.

Control engineering has a wide range of applications in areas such as the flight and propulsion systems of airline aircraft, the military, the space race, and lately in the automotive industry.

The objective of automatic control is to be able to manage with one or more inputs (or reference), one or more outputs of a plant or system, to do so, the most primitive idea is to place between the reference and the plant, a controller that is the inverse of the transfer function of the plant, in such a way that the transfer function of the entire system (the plant plus the controller) is equal to one; thus achieving that the output is equal to the input; This first idea is called open loop control. A classic example of open loop control is a clothes washing machine since it operates during a predetermined cycle without using sensors.

The disadvantages of open loop control are:.

-You never know the plant, at most you can know an approximate model, so the perfect inverse cannot be achieved.

-Cannot be used to control unstable plants.

-Does not compensate for disturbances in the system.

-If the plant has a relative degree greater than zero, a controller that inverts it cannot be created, since a transfer function with a degree less than zero cannot be created.

-It is impossible to perfectly invert a plant, if it has delays, since its inverse would be an advance in time (one should have the ability to predict the future).

A more advanced idea, and more widely implemented, is the concept of feedback, in which the measurement of the output of the system is used as another input of the system, in such a way that a controller can be designed that adjusts the performance to vary the output and bring it to the desired value. For example, the human body performs feedback control to maintain homeostasis, it has sensors for each element in the body and if an abnormal amount is detected, the body has systems to compensate for it (these systems would be the controller), which produces an action (closes valves, produces more substance, etc.) until the sensors tell the body that balance has been reached; Another example: in a car with cruise control, the speed is sensed and continuously fed back to the system that adjusts the speed of the engine by supplying fuel to it, in the latter case the output of the system would be the speed of the engine, the controller would be the system that decides how much fuel to add according to the speed and the action would be the amount of fuel supplied.

The advantages of feedback control are:.

-Can control unstable systems

-Can compensate for disturbances

-Can control systems even if they have modeling errors.

Disadvantages:.

-The use of sensors makes control more expensive (in money)

-The problem of noise is introduced when making the measurement.