Bank account reconciliation or bank reconciliation is a process that allows comparing and reconciling the economic values ​​that a company has registered on an account, whether current "Current account (banking)") or savings, with its bank movements, as well as classifying the auxiliary accounting ledger to compare it with the statement. Bank reconciliation does not at any time seek to legalize errors, since it is a mechanism that allows the differences and their causes to be identified and then proceed to make the respective adjustments and connections, so to carry it out, clear and very precise documents are issued for the use of the economic entity and thus keep a clear balance of the account statement of said company.

The bank reconciliation process is not mandatory, but if carried out correctly and periodically, it can bring benefits to the company, such as having up-to-date accounting, improving control of financial resources, having greater security in the face of an inspection or having quality information for decision-making. It is usually done from month to month, but it can be done less often if necessary.[1]​.

At the end of each month, banks send their depositors a statement of accounts" in which they state:

The most “typical” errors that can be detected through bank reconciliation[2]​ are:

In addition, there are other possibilities that the imbalance is caused by a banking problem, external to the company.

The bank reconciliation is usually divided into two sections. The first begins with the cash balance according to the bank statement and ends with the adjusted balance. The second begins with the cash balance according to the depositor's records and ends with the adjusted balance. The two adjusted amount balances must be equal.

The following steps are helpful in identifying the reconciling items and determining the adjusted cash balance:.

Its main function is to determine the differences between similar or correspondent accounts that exist, then, once determined, the causes/reasons for these are investigated so that they can be corrected and/or only reach equal balances. Although it is not directly mandatory, we must bear in mind that it is essential to carry out two legal processes: both to file quarterly taxes and to prepare the annual accounts, it is necessary to carry out a good bank reconciliation.[3] That is, it is not only a business control tool, but it is also required by the Treasury. As far as management is concerned, reconciling banks allows for strict control of resources, payments and collections, and leaves the company prepared for a possible inspection.