Backups and Security Copies
Introduction
A backup, backup, backup copy or reserve copy (in English backup and data backup) in information sciences and computing is a copy of the original data that is made in order to have a means to recover it in case of loss. Backups are useful for different events and uses: recovering computer systems and data from a computer, natural disaster, or attack; restore a small number of files that may have been accidentally deleted, corrupted, infected by a computer virus or other causes; storing historical information more economically than hard drives and also allowing transfer to locations other than the original data; etc
The backup process is complemented by another process known as data restoration, which is the action of reading and recording the required data in the original location or another alternative. Data loss is very common, 66% of Internet users have suffered serious data loss at some point.[1].
Since backup systems contain at least one copy of all data worth saving, storage requirements must be taken into account. Organizing storage space and managing the backup process are complicated tasks. To provide a storage structure, it is convenient to use a data storage model. In November 2010, there were many different types of data storage devices that were useful for making backup copies, each with its advantages and disadvantages to consider when choosing them, such as duplication, data security and ease of transfer.
Before data is sent to its storage location it must be selected, extracted and manipulated. Many different techniques have been developed to optimize the backup procedure. These procedures include, among others, optimizations for working with open files and data sources in use and also include compression, encryption, and deduplication processes, the latter being understood as a specific form of compression where superfluous data is eliminated.
Choice, access, and manipulation of data
Deciding what to back up is a complex process
If we copy a lot of redundant data we quickly exhaust the available storage capacity. If we do not back up enough data, critical information could be lost.