Authenticity
Introduction
Within the field of Museology studies, Heritage Authenticity is an evaluation based on the Nara Document on Authenticity"),[1] which aims to confirm the value of a cultural asset. This evaluation will also determine the relevance of the conservation, protection and safeguarding of said asset in a town, a region or in humanity. The realization of this evaluation will take into account different cultural and socioeconomic values that will provide justifications for the safeguarding or abandonment of a cultural asset.
To consider a heritage asset as authentic, aspects such as the originality of the materials with which it was built, the history of the object of study, and the way in which it has aged and changed over time must be taken into account. In a monument or geographical site considered as a work of art, for example, one must take into account, among other things, the creative, aesthetic and poetic process that produced it as a genuine object of the historical, social or political context of the time, which would also include the genuine passage of time, for this reason, a replica or an identical object lacks this authenticity value. Thus, we must consider four fundamental aspects that determine authenticity: authenticity of the design, authenticity of the materials, authenticity of the architecture and authenticity of the environment. However, although the object of the evaluation contains said values in itself, the evaluation also takes into account the social, cultural, political and historical values of the place or population in which said good is located, therefore, there are values that are external to the good and that determine its relevance.
Values
Contenido
Los valores considerados varían según el espacio geográfico o temporal en el que los bienes patrimoniales estén insertos. Estos valores fluctúan entre los culturales y los socioeconómicos se asocian con los bienes patrimoniales, si los valores se consideran significativos, darán una justificación para la protección y conservación de este bien patrimonial. Sin embargo, la ausencia de dichas valores o justificaciones podrían llevar al abandono o destrucción a dicho bien material, así pues, valores nacionalistas o políticas que varían con el tiempo, pueden justificar la protección de un bien en un espacio temporal determinado y relegar dicha valoración posteriormente.