The term telematics was coined in France (télématique). In 1976, in a report commissioned by the French president and prepared by Simon Nora and Alain Minc (known as the Nora-Minc report and distributed under the title: Informatization of Society), which gave an incredibly precise vision of future technological evolution.

But as in France, in Anglo-Saxon countries there is also the telematics discipline, which is called Computer and Communications (from English: 'Computer and Communications') or Comunication (concept coined by Wen Gao[4]​ in his article Comunication: From Concept to Practice[5]​). However, there are key nuances to distinguish between the two terms. To clarify this, it is convenient to place ourselves in the context of the time: on the one hand, France, which placed clear emphasis on telecommunications as the engine of its social transformation in the 1970s, while the United States was experiencing a great information technology revolution. Thus, Communication (computers + communication) points to a model with greater relevance of computer systems; Telematics (télématique) for its part, refers to a greater emphasis on telecommunications itself.

Today, this difference in origin has been lost, as this scientific and technological discipline has completely converged globally, to form a single, well-established body of knowledge. In this way, the current meaning of telematics was born.

The technical professional profile or telematics engineer is of a general nature, developing its activity in different areas, therefore the spectrum of work of the Telematics Engineer is extremely broad. Graduates in this specialty have the ability to perform all or some of the tasks listed below:[6]​[7]​[8]​[9]​.

• - Planning, deployment, maintenance and management, operation, integration of technologies, etc., for LAN, MAN and WAN environments, which can make use of both wired and wireless technologies, as well as Internet/Intranets, etc. for the provision of both voice and data services for various applications, from common Internet services to more sophisticated ones such as activities related to the deployment and operation of telecommunications networks in urbanizations and industrial and housing estates or private mobile telephone networks (Land Mobile Service) for vehicle fleets, etc.

• - Supervision, administration, participation or technical assistance in developers and suppliers of telecommunications equipment and systems.

• - Preparation of Common Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects in buildings (ICT[10]​).

• - Audits and network design.

• - Analysis, design and implementation of security systems and tools for both the storage and transmission of information, as well as access to networks and systems.

• - Diagnostics and security audits.

• - Know the basic concepts of computer and server architecture, as well as the principles of operating systems.

• - Design and development of telecommunications services, as well as their implementation, commissioning, and maintenance for basic services such as email, file transfer, www, or more sophisticated such as electronic commerce systems with the various aspects to take into account such as the integration of services with payment tools, trusted third parties, and security systems (cryptography, digital signatures, etc.), etc.

• - Design of distributed applications aimed at administration and telematic commerce.

• - Specification, design and implementation of protocols with quality of service to support mass media services and applications through transmission media.

• - Software design of real-time systems for entertainment applications.

• - Know the theoretical foundations of programming and practically use programming methods and languages ​​for the development of software systems.

• - Ability to design and implement databases and information systems.

• - Know the fundamentals of programming communications protocols.

• - Programming of information access devices based on telecommunications networks, both under Unix and Windows environments.

• - Design, implementation and administration of computer networks and systems for data transmission.

• - Know the operation of each of the layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack (which comes from the OSI Stack).

• - Development of embedded systems for communications.

• - Development of home automation systems.

• - Development of Internet of Things applications.

The development of communications protocols is a fundamental milestone in the development of telematics, with protocol theory and architecture being one of its fundamental concepts.

A protocol is a set of rules that define how communication will be developed between the nodes of a computer network.

To deal with the complexity of computer networks, protocols are organized into stacks divided into different levels, where each of these levels of the stack provides a series of services to the higher level, so that it does not have to worry about the implementation of said services. The two most important protocol stacks are the Internet protocol family and the OSI Model.

The main one is the Internet Protocol stack (TCP/IP), which is made up of five layers:

1. • Application Layer: where network applications and their protocols reside. The Internet application layer includes many protocols, such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP. An application layer protocol is distributed across several terminal systems, with the application on one terminal system using the protocol to exchange information packets with the application on another terminal system.

2. • Transport Layer: this transports application layer messages between application endpoints. On the Internet there are two transport protocols, TCP and UDP, each of which can transport application layer messages.

3. • Network Layer: this layer moves network layer packets, known as datagrams, from one host to another. The Internet network layer includes the well-known IP protocol, which defines the fields of the datagram, as well as the way in which terminal systems and routers act on these fields. This layer also contains the routing protocols that determine the paths that datagrams follow between sources and destinations.

4. • Link Layer: the network layer relies on this layer to move a packet from one node "Node (computing)") to the next on the route. Specifically, at each node, the network layer passes the datagram to the link layer, which delivers the datagram to the next existing node along the path.

5. • Physical Layer: finally, this layer moves each of the bits of the frames from one node to the next. The protocols of this layer are link dependent, so they depend on the transmission medium of the link.

On the other hand, the OSI Stack model has two more layers, making a total of seven:

1. • Application.

2. • Presentation.

3. • Session.

4. • Transportation.

5. • Network.

6. • Link.

7. • Physics.

In Spain, the university degree (approved by the MEC) of Technical Telematics Engineer was created in 1991, although its name was modified to Technical Telecommunications Engineer specializing in Telematics (ITT esp. Telematics) in 1995, a name under which the title existed until 2008. This degree (ITT esp. Telematics) was offered in that year in 22 Spanish universities.

In 2008, the reform of the educational system (known as the Bologna plan) led to the ITT esp. Telematics would be replaced by the title of Degree in Telematics Engineering.

Different master's degrees in telematics are also offered,[11]​ both at the level of University Degrees and Official Degrees adapted to the European Higher Education Area.

• - Telecommunications.

• - Telecommunications engineering.

• - Internet.

• - Telephone exchange.

• - Artificial satellite.

• - Transmission system.

• - Phone.

• - Cable television.

• - International Telecommunications Union.

• - Fax.

• - Faxing.

• - Audiotex.

• - eTOM.

• - Teleworker.

• - Vehicular communication system.

• - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (5th Edition), 2009, ISBN 0-13-607967-9.

The term telematics was coined in France (télématique). In 1976, in a report commissioned by the French president and prepared by Simon Nora and Alain Minc (known as the Nora-Minc report and distributed under the title: Informatization of Society), which gave an incredibly precise vision of future technological evolution.

But as in France, in Anglo-Saxon countries there is also the telematics discipline, which is called Computer and Communications (from English: 'Computer and Communications') or Comunication (concept coined by Wen Gao[4]​ in his article Comunication: From Concept to Practice[5]​). However, there are key nuances to distinguish between the two terms. To clarify this, it is convenient to place ourselves in the context of the time: on the one hand, France, which placed clear emphasis on telecommunications as the engine of its social transformation in the 1970s, while the United States was experiencing a great information technology revolution. Thus, Communication (computers + communication) points to a model with greater relevance of computer systems; Telematics (télématique) for its part, refers to a greater emphasis on telecommunications itself.

Today, this difference in origin has been lost, as this scientific and technological discipline has completely converged globally, to form a single, well-established body of knowledge. In this way, the current meaning of telematics was born.

The technical professional profile or telematics engineer is of a general nature, developing its activity in different areas, therefore the spectrum of work of the Telematics Engineer is extremely broad. Graduates in this specialty have the ability to perform all or some of the tasks listed below:[6]​[7]​[8]​[9]​.

• - Planning, deployment, maintenance and management, operation, integration of technologies, etc., for LAN, MAN and WAN environments, which can make use of both wired and wireless technologies, as well as Internet/Intranets, etc. for the provision of both voice and data services for various applications, from common Internet services to more sophisticated ones such as activities related to the deployment and operation of telecommunications networks in urbanizations and industrial and housing estates or private mobile telephone networks (Land Mobile Service) for vehicle fleets, etc.

• - Supervision, administration, participation or technical assistance in developers and suppliers of telecommunications equipment and systems.

• - Preparation of Common Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects in buildings (ICT[10]​).

• - Audits and network design.

• - Analysis, design and implementation of security systems and tools for both the storage and transmission of information, as well as access to networks and systems.

• - Diagnostics and security audits.

• - Know the basic concepts of computer and server architecture, as well as the principles of operating systems.

• - Design and development of telecommunications services, as well as their implementation, commissioning, and maintenance for basic services such as email, file transfer, www, or more sophisticated such as electronic commerce systems with the various aspects to take into account such as the integration of services with payment tools, trusted third parties, and security systems (cryptography, digital signatures, etc.), etc.

• - Design of distributed applications aimed at administration and telematic commerce.

• - Specification, design and implementation of protocols with quality of service to support mass media services and applications through transmission media.

• - Software design of real-time systems for entertainment applications.

• - Know the theoretical foundations of programming and practically use programming methods and languages ​​for the development of software systems.

• - Ability to design and implement databases and information systems.

• - Know the fundamentals of programming communications protocols.

• - Programming of information access devices based on telecommunications networks, both under Unix and Windows environments.

• - Design, implementation and administration of computer networks and systems for data transmission.

• - Know the operation of each of the layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack (which comes from the OSI Stack).

• - Development of embedded systems for communications.

• - Development of home automation systems.

• - Development of Internet of Things applications.

The development of communications protocols is a fundamental milestone in the development of telematics, with protocol theory and architecture being one of its fundamental concepts.

A protocol is a set of rules that define how communication will be developed between the nodes of a computer network.

To deal with the complexity of computer networks, protocols are organized into stacks divided into different levels, where each of these levels of the stack provides a series of services to the higher level, so that it does not have to worry about the implementation of said services. The two most important protocol stacks are the Internet protocol family and the OSI Model.

The main one is the Internet Protocol stack (TCP/IP), which is made up of five layers:

1. • Application Layer: where network applications and their protocols reside. The Internet application layer includes many protocols, such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP. An application layer protocol is distributed across several terminal systems, with the application on one terminal system using the protocol to exchange information packets with the application on another terminal system.

2. • Transport Layer: this transports application layer messages between application endpoints. On the Internet there are two transport protocols, TCP and UDP, each of which can transport application layer messages.

3. • Network Layer: this layer moves network layer packets, known as datagrams, from one host to another. The Internet network layer includes the well-known IP protocol, which defines the fields of the datagram, as well as the way in which terminal systems and routers act on these fields. This layer also contains the routing protocols that determine the paths that datagrams follow between sources and destinations.

4. • Link Layer: the network layer relies on this layer to move a packet from one node "Node (computing)") to the next on the route. Specifically, at each node, the network layer passes the datagram to the link layer, which delivers the datagram to the next existing node along the path.

5. • Physical Layer: finally, this layer moves each of the bits of the frames from one node to the next. The protocols of this layer are link dependent, so they depend on the transmission medium of the link.

On the other hand, the OSI Stack model has two more layers, making a total of seven:

1. • Application.

2. • Presentation.

3. • Session.

4. • Transportation.

5. • Network.

6. • Link.

7. • Physics.

In Spain, the university degree (approved by the MEC) of Technical Telematics Engineer was created in 1991, although its name was modified to Technical Telecommunications Engineer specializing in Telematics (ITT esp. Telematics) in 1995, a name under which the title existed until 2008. This degree (ITT esp. Telematics) was offered in that year in 22 Spanish universities.

In 2008, the reform of the educational system (known as the Bologna plan) led to the ITT esp. Telematics would be replaced by the title of Degree in Telematics Engineering.

Different master's degrees in telematics are also offered,[11]​ both at the level of University Degrees and Official Degrees adapted to the European Higher Education Area.

• - Telecommunications.

• - Telecommunications engineering.

• - Internet.

• - Telephone exchange.

• - Artificial satellite.

• - Transmission system.

• - Phone.

• - Cable television.

• - International Telecommunications Union.

• - Fax.

• - Faxing.

• - Audiotex.

• - eTOM.

• - Teleworker.

• - Vehicular communication system.

• - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (5th Edition), 2009, ISBN 0-13-607967-9.