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Introduction
A hospital or nosocomy is an establishment intended for the care and assistance of patients through doctors, nursing, auxiliary personnel and technical services 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and with appropriate technology, apparatus, instruments and pharmacology. There are three types of hospitals: First, Second and Third levels, their assistance being from lowest to highest complexity. Within them, patients are cared for with conditions that range from simple to very serious, critical, palliative or even terminal care.
History
classical antiquity
Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled through India in the year 400, attested to healing institutions in ancient India.[1]
According to the Mahavansha, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the century AD. C., King Pandukabhaya of Anuradhapura (437–367 BC) had houses and hospitals.[2] A hospital and medical training center also existed in Gundeshapur, an important city of the Persian Empire founded in 271 by Shapur I.[3] In Ancient Greece, temples dedicated to the healing god Asclepius, known as Asclepeion, functioned as centers for medical advice, prognosis and healing.[4] The Asclepeia spread to the Roman Empire. While public healthcare did not exist in the Roman Empire, there were military hospitals called valetudinaria stationed in military barracks and serving the soldiers and slaves within the fort.[5] There is evidence that there were some civilian hospitals, although they were not available to the entire Roman population. They were sometimes built privately in extremely wealthy Roman homes located in the countryside for that family, although this practice appears to have ended in 80 AD.[6].
Middle Ages
When Christianity became an accepted religion in the Roman Empire, there was an expansion in people's health care, motivated by the Christian commandment to love one's neighbor "Love thy neighbor (Christianity)"), especially the poorest and most needy. The First Council of Nicaea, in the year 325 AD. C., gave impetus to the construction of a hospital in every city that had a cathedral. This is how the hospitals built by Saint Samson in Constantinople and by the bishop of Caesarea, Basilio, emerged.[7] These hospitals were open to serve the entire population.