Atlantic architecture
Introduction
United States colonial architecture encompasses several building design styles associated with the colonial period of the United States, including the early English period (late medieval), French colonial, Spanish colonial, Dutch, German colonial, and Georgian colonial.[1] These styles are identified in houses, churches, and government buildings in the period from 1600 to 1850.
First English period (late medieval)
It was developed in two early English settlements at Jamestown (Virginia), Virginia in 1607 and Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 and subsequently in the other British colonies along the East Coast.
It is common for these constructions to include medieval details such as steep roofs, small windows (usually given the scarcity of glass in the colonies), minimalist ornamentation, and a large central chimney.[2].
French colonial style
It flourished in areas of French settlement beginning with the establishment of Quebec in 1608 and New Orleans in 1718, as well as along the Mississippi River Valley to Missouri.
The typical house of the early French colonial period in the Mississippi River Valley region was the "poteaux-en-terre" (buried post), built with series of heavy, straight cedar posts driven vertically into the ground. These basic houses offered gabled roofs and were surrounded by porches (galleries or sheds) to withstand the hot summer climate.
By 1770, the basic French Colonial style house had evolved into the briquette-entre-poteaux style common in the historic New Orleans area and elsewhere. These houses offered slatted doors, bell-shaped roofs, attics and shutters (window shutters).[3].
Around 1825, in flood-prone areas, the "elevated cottage" was developed with houses being built on top of raised brick walls, usually 8 feet high as protection against flooding. In times of drought, the basement remained cool and was used for cooking and storage.