Assessment of Climate Risks and Opportunities
Introduction
climate risk means a risk resulting from climate change and affecting human systems and natural regions.
In the course of global temperature rise and extreme weather events, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been founded by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),[1][2] and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to better understand climate change and address the concerns of these observations. Its main objective is to evaluate climate risks and explore strategies for the prevention of these risks.
Climate risks
Contenido
El proceso de elaboración del Quinto informe de evaluación (AR5) fue finalizado en 2014. El Grupo de Trabajo I (Estocolmo, Suecia) fue publicado en septiembre de 2013.[3] El informe aumenta el grado de certidumbre de que la actividad humana esté detrás del calentamiento que el mundo ha experimentado, un aumento que ha pasado de "muy posible" con un grado de confianza del 90% en 2007, a "extremadamente posible" o un nivel de confianza del 95% ahora.[4].
Según las proyecciones actuales del IPCC, deben esperarse los siguientes efectos futuros:.
Si bien afecta a todos los sectores económicos, el efecto en los continentes individuales diferirá. Al lado de estos riesgos físicos directos del clima, también hay algunos derivado indirecto tales como:.
Physical risks
Direct risks from climate change are expected especially for branches, which rely heavily on natural resources such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, healthcare, real estate and tourism. For example, storms and floods damage buildings and infrastructure, while hot summers with less precipitation cause crop failures.
Regulatory risks
Government efforts to reduce climate costs have direct effects on the economy. For example, emissions targets within the Kyoto Protocol will be achieved through the implementation of emissions trading. Using this instrument, the value of emissions can be quantified monetarily, approximating the value of avoiding dangerous substances. This value will be internalized by companies and will be considered in investment decisions. When considering emission costs, energy and transportation prices may increase and therefore change consumer demand. The insecurity of the legislation leads to the indefinite suspension of projects and investments.