A rollover protection system or rollover protection structure (ROPS) is a system or structure intended to protect equipment operators and drivers from injuries caused by vehicle rollovers or rollovers. Like roll cages and roll bars on cars and trucks, a ROPS includes bars attached to the frame that maintain clearance for the operator's body in the event of a rollover.

ROPS structures are commonly found on heavy equipment, tractors and earthmoving machinery used in construction, agriculture and mining, which are defined by various regulatory agencies, including Occupational Health and Safety regulations. The regulations include both a strength requirement and a structure energy absorption requirement. Some dump trucks add a protrusion to their beds that covers the operator's compartment for ROPS purposes.

ROPS systems are commonly fitted to 4x4 vehicles, pickup trucks, earth moving equipment, soil compactors, and utility vehicles. Products like these were developed so that employees traveling around or within mines would receive additional protection in the event of a fleet vehicle overturning.

In the United States, ROPS designs have to be certified by a Professional Engineer, which will typically require destructive testing. The structure will be tested at a reduced temperature (at which the metal is more brittle), or manufactured from materials that have more satisfactory performance at low temperatures.

In Australia and most countries, the International Organization for Standardization has guidelines for destructively testing ROPS structures on excavators, forestry equipment and tractors. Theoretical performance analyzes of new ROPS system designs are not permitted as an alternative to physical testing.