Anthropometry
Introduction
Anthropometry deals with comparative measurements of the human body, its different parts and their proportions. Generally, it is carried out with the objective of establishing the frequency with which they occur in different cultures, sexes, age groups, cohorts, etc. It is a widely used non-invasive method for evaluating human body measurements, proportions and body composition. In addition, it can be used as an indicator of both conditions related to nutrition and people's health. Among the advantages that contribute to anthropometry being widely applied, we can mention its low cost, simplicity of implementation, and social acceptance. This is why professionals such as nutritionists, anthropologists and doctors use anthropometry in nutritional surveillance*.[1]*.
Likewise, anthropometry is used in biological anthropology when studying human variability through anthropometry. In addition to being related to auxology, which is the scientific study of the growth of organisms.[2].
The branch of Forensic Anthropometry aims to identify and reconstruct bodies that, due to their current state, are not easy to identify. This branch of forensic science is used in the identification of corpses (even when they are in a skeletal state), although it is also very useful.[3].
At present, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial design, in the clothing design industry, in ergonomics, biomechanics and in architecture, where data on the distribution of body measurements of the population are used to optimize products.[4].
The changes that have occurred in lifestyles, nutrition and the racial and/or ethnic composition of populations lead to changes in the distribution of body dimensions (for example: obesity) and with them arises the need to constantly update the anthropometric database.[5].
History
The history of anthropometry includes and encompasses various concepts, both scientific and pseudoscientific, such as craniometry, paleoanthropology, biological anthropology, phrenology, physiognomy, forensic medicine, criminology, phytogeography, human origins and craniofacial description, as well as correlations between various anthropometrics and personal identity, mental typology, personality, cranial vault and brain size, and other factors.
At various times in history, the applications of anthropometry have varied greatly, from precise scientific description and epidemiological analysis to the justification of eugenics and overtly racist social movements, and its points of interest have been numerous, diverse, and sometimes very unexpected.