Since 1661, the Huguenots, French Calvinists, began to emigrate from France due to the accumulation of interdictions and limitations of the Edict of Nantes imposed by the government of Louis XIV. Between 1686 and 1689 there was a mass exodus that continued until the first decades of the century. Between 1685 and 1715, it is estimated that some 200,000 Huguenots emigrated from France.[16]​.

At that time the then Margrave Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia Frederick William I of Brandenburg had a special interest in attracting the Huguenots in order to take advantage of their renowned reputation as expert businessmen. More than 100,000 Huguenots flocked to Brandenburg-Prussia and contributed greatly to its modernization. The industry grew in parallel with the army. Textile production was developed due to the need for military uniforms. Metallurgy grew through the manufacture of artillery cannons and weapons for infantry. But the voter also planned some factors of industrial growth, such as when he prohibited the use of wooden footwear to encourage the development of leather work.

Many Huguenots settled in Berlin and influenced it both economically and culturally. In 1701 the Huguenots made up 25% of the population. Their arrival benefited the economic development of Prussia, ruined after the Thirty Years' War.[16] In 1701 they began to build their cathedral today known as the French Cathedral "French Cathedral (Berlin)").

Contenido

El Reino de Prusia se estableció el 18 de enero de 1701 con la coronación de Federico I como rey de Prusia. Se constituyó del Electorado de Brandeburgo (gran beneficiado de la Paz de Westfalia) y el Ducado de Prusia, ambas bajo la dinastía de los Hohenzollern. De esta manera Berlín se convierte en la capital de Prusia.

Federico II el Grande, rey de Prusia, se alió con Francia (1740), aprovechando las dificultades de María Teresa I, lo que desató la guerra de sucesión austriaca (1740-1748). En el transcurso de esa década formó un ejército de 150 000 hombres que convirtió a Prusia en el país militarmente más preparado del mundo.

Austria, Francia, Rusia y Suecia se aliaron contra Prusia para frenar su desarrollo. En 1759, Prusia Oriental estaba en poder de los rusos, que habían tomado Berlín en el marco de la guerra de los Siete Años. Sin embargo, el ascenso al trono ruso de Pedro III, príncipe de origen prusiano, impidió la derrota total de Prusia.

Napoleonic Wars

In 1806 Napoleon I arrived with his army in Berlin in the middle of the military campaign that had expanded the borders of the First French Empire. However, the city did not become part of said empire, as it was only occupied militarily but not annexed. Napoleon entered Berlin on October 27 and visited the tomb of Frederick II, ordering his marshals to remove their hats and saying: If he were alive, we would not be here today. In total, it had taken Napoleon only 19 days from the beginning of his attack on Prussia to the end of the war with the conquest of Berlin.

The Berlin Decree was promulgated by Napoleon on November 21. It prohibited the import of British goods to European countries allied or dependent on France, which established the Continental Blockade or Continental System in Europe.

imperial capital

Because Brandenburg is part of the kingdom of Prussia, Berlin became the capital of the German Empire (in 1871) when, led by Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved German Unification after winning both wars against Austria and France. In 1881 the city of Berlin was separated from the province of Brandenburg.[19]​.

With the definitive defeat suffered by Prussia in the First World War, the Hohenzollern dynasty comes to an end, the Weimar Republic is established and the monarchical regime disappears.

At the beginning of the century and until the advent of Nazism, the city was a hive of cultural activity where East and West Europe and all avant-garde trends converged, rivaling Paris and Vienna as European intellectual capital. In 1882 the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and the Unter den Linden Operas (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), the Kroll Opera and other institutions were founded where artists from all over the world came together. Painters, sculptors, composers and performers make Berlin a cosmopolitan center.

Governments of Müller, Giffey and Wegner (2014-present)

Michael Müller's government (2014-2021) was characterized by the formation of a government coalition between the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and Die Linke, the second of its kind in German history. This coalition was continued by her successor Franziska Giffey from 2021 to 2023, when after new elections a grand coalition was formed between the CDU and the SPD under mayor Kai Wegner.

Since 1661, the Huguenots, French Calvinists, began to emigrate from France due to the accumulation of interdictions and limitations of the Edict of Nantes imposed by the government of Louis XIV. Between 1686 and 1689 there was a mass exodus that continued until the first decades of the century. Between 1685 and 1715, it is estimated that some 200,000 Huguenots emigrated from France.[16]​.

At that time the then Margrave Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia Frederick William I of Brandenburg had a special interest in attracting the Huguenots in order to take advantage of their renowned reputation as expert businessmen. More than 100,000 Huguenots flocked to Brandenburg-Prussia and contributed greatly to its modernization. The industry grew in parallel with the army. Textile production was developed due to the need for military uniforms. Metallurgy grew through the manufacture of artillery cannons and weapons for infantry. But the voter also planned some factors of industrial growth, such as when he prohibited the use of wooden footwear to encourage the development of leather work.

Many Huguenots settled in Berlin and influenced it both economically and culturally. In 1701 the Huguenots made up 25% of the population. Their arrival benefited the economic development of Prussia, ruined after the Thirty Years' War.[16] In 1701 they began to build their cathedral today known as the French Cathedral "French Cathedral (Berlin)").

Contenido

El Reino de Prusia se estableció el 18 de enero de 1701 con la coronación de Federico I como rey de Prusia. Se constituyó del Electorado de Brandeburgo (gran beneficiado de la Paz de Westfalia) y el Ducado de Prusia, ambas bajo la dinastía de los Hohenzollern. De esta manera Berlín se convierte en la capital de Prusia.

Federico II el Grande, rey de Prusia, se alió con Francia (1740), aprovechando las dificultades de María Teresa I, lo que desató la guerra de sucesión austriaca (1740-1748). En el transcurso de esa década formó un ejército de 150 000 hombres que convirtió a Prusia en el país militarmente más preparado del mundo.

Austria, Francia, Rusia y Suecia se aliaron contra Prusia para frenar su desarrollo. En 1759, Prusia Oriental estaba en poder de los rusos, que habían tomado Berlín en el marco de la guerra de los Siete Años. Sin embargo, el ascenso al trono ruso de Pedro III, príncipe de origen prusiano, impidió la derrota total de Prusia.

Napoleonic Wars

In 1806 Napoleon I arrived with his army in Berlin in the middle of the military campaign that had expanded the borders of the First French Empire. However, the city did not become part of said empire, as it was only occupied militarily but not annexed. Napoleon entered Berlin on October 27 and visited the tomb of Frederick II, ordering his marshals to remove their hats and saying: If he were alive, we would not be here today. In total, it had taken Napoleon only 19 days from the beginning of his attack on Prussia to the end of the war with the conquest of Berlin.

The Berlin Decree was promulgated by Napoleon on November 21. It prohibited the import of British goods to European countries allied or dependent on France, which established the Continental Blockade or Continental System in Europe.

imperial capital

Because Brandenburg is part of the kingdom of Prussia, Berlin became the capital of the German Empire (in 1871) when, led by Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved German Unification after winning both wars against Austria and France. In 1881 the city of Berlin was separated from the province of Brandenburg.[19]​.

With the definitive defeat suffered by Prussia in the First World War, the Hohenzollern dynasty comes to an end, the Weimar Republic is established and the monarchical regime disappears.

At the beginning of the century and until the advent of Nazism, the city was a hive of cultural activity where East and West Europe and all avant-garde trends converged, rivaling Paris and Vienna as European intellectual capital. In 1882 the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and the Unter den Linden Operas (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), the Kroll Opera and other institutions were founded where artists from all over the world came together. Painters, sculptors, composers and performers make Berlin a cosmopolitan center.

Governments of Müller, Giffey and Wegner (2014-present)

Michael Müller's government (2014-2021) was characterized by the formation of a government coalition between the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and Die Linke, the second of its kind in German history. This coalition was continued by her successor Franziska Giffey from 2021 to 2023, when after new elections a grand coalition was formed between the CDU and the SPD under mayor Kai Wegner.