Filter battery

Air filters retain suspended particles, cleaning the air to be pumped. The type of filter varies according to the purity requirements. As an example, the air that can circulate through an office building is not the same as that of a hospital, and this is also different between hospitalization rooms and a surgical pavilion. In this way, and with greater demands in the work of air filtration, not only must the air be cleaned of particles of different sizes, but also microorganisms must be eliminated with the addition of special filters such as electrostatic filters and activated carbon filters to eliminate odors.

Hot and cold batteries

Hot and cold batteries are heat exchangers that consist of coils with fins through which water circulates, fluid treated by thermal elements or machines auxiliary to the air conditioner. Cold water is obtained in a water chiller or chiller that evaporates a refrigerant in a plate or double tube evaporator, and cools the water to a temperature suitable for the process. This coil is usually located before—in the direction of air flow through the air conditioner—than the heat coil, in order to condense excess ambient humidity on the coil. The hot water that circulates through the heat coil is supplied from a **boiler "Boiler (heating)") or by taking advantage of the excess heat from the chiller, if it is only a question of regulating humidity in hot weather. Combinations of boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors are currently being used in pursuit of energy efficiency.

The water pipes that connect to the coils, both cold and hot, must have motorized valves so that the temperature (mixed water) or the flow (three-way splitting valve) of water is proportional to what is required by the thermostats or enthalpymeters, depending on the control elements.

And in smaller installations, where the implementation of auxiliary units such as water coolers and boilers is costly and unjustified, a direct expansion refrigeration system is sometimes used for the cold coil and another of electric resistances for Joule effect heating. Notwithstanding the above, the operating costs of this type of equipment are high.

Humidity control

Humidity control in summer is done in the cooling coil, on whose fins the excess water vapor condenses, but in winter a humidifier, or humidifier, is necessary, which can be of various types (plates, membrane...) and always, a drop separator, which prevents the condensed water or the humidifier, in the form of drops, from entering the distribution circuit.

These devices require a condensate collection tray, with a drain outlet, and the humidifier a supply of clean water.

Afterheating battery

It serves to reheat the air after passing through the humidification section. Indeed, if the air were heated from the first moment (heating battery) to the delivery temperature, there would be a risk that it would absorb more humidity than it should and, as it is delivered at a temperature about 10 °C higher than that required in the environment, when it cools down it could create a very humid and uncomfortable environment and even reach the dew point.

Fan

It is the mechanical element that must generate the flow rate "Flow (fluid)") and reach the static pressure necessary to circulate the conditioned air through the installation's duct network.

In air conditioners there may be two fans: one for supplying air to the premises and another for return at the air inlet to the air conditioner, to overcome the loads on the return circuits. Often there is only one, the drive.

Although it is true that axial fans are those that generate the greatest air flow, their physical configuration and low motor torque leaves them below centrifugal fans (sometimes called sirocos) whose ability to provide greater static pressure makes them suitable for this type of equipment, since the air must circulate through the filters, hot and cold coils and duct networks, in which it suffers pressure losses, to the different diffusers of the system.

Air distribution

Once the air is treated, it is distributed throughout the premises through a network of ducts and their corresponding grilles, diffusers, etc.

Filter battery

Air filters retain suspended particles, cleaning the air to be pumped. The type of filter varies according to the purity requirements. As an example, the air that can circulate through an office building is not the same as that of a hospital, and this is also different between hospitalization rooms and a surgical pavilion. In this way, and with greater demands in the work of air filtration, not only must the air be cleaned of particles of different sizes, but also microorganisms must be eliminated with the addition of special filters such as electrostatic filters and activated carbon filters to eliminate odors.

Hot and cold batteries

Hot and cold batteries are heat exchangers that consist of coils with fins through which water circulates, fluid treated by thermal elements or machines auxiliary to the air conditioner. Cold water is obtained in a water chiller or chiller that evaporates a refrigerant in a plate or double tube evaporator, and cools the water to a temperature suitable for the process. This coil is usually located before—in the direction of air flow through the air conditioner—than the heat coil, in order to condense excess ambient humidity on the coil. The hot water that circulates through the heat coil is supplied from a **boiler "Boiler (heating)") or by taking advantage of the excess heat from the chiller, if it is only a question of regulating humidity in hot weather. Combinations of boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors are currently being used in pursuit of energy efficiency.

The water pipes that connect to the coils, both cold and hot, must have motorized valves so that the temperature (mixed water) or the flow (three-way splitting valve) of water is proportional to what is required by the thermostats or enthalpymeters, depending on the control elements.

And in smaller installations, where the implementation of auxiliary units such as water coolers and boilers is costly and unjustified, a direct expansion refrigeration system is sometimes used for the cold coil and another of electric resistances for Joule effect heating. Notwithstanding the above, the operating costs of this type of equipment are high.

Humidity control

Humidity control in summer is done in the cooling coil, on whose fins the excess water vapor condenses, but in winter a humidifier, or humidifier, is necessary, which can be of various types (plates, membrane...) and always, a drop separator, which prevents the condensed water or the humidifier, in the form of drops, from entering the distribution circuit.

These devices require a condensate collection tray, with a drain outlet, and the humidifier a supply of clean water.

Afterheating battery

It serves to reheat the air after passing through the humidification section. Indeed, if the air were heated from the first moment (heating battery) to the delivery temperature, there would be a risk that it would absorb more humidity than it should and, as it is delivered at a temperature about 10 °C higher than that required in the environment, when it cools down it could create a very humid and uncomfortable environment and even reach the dew point.

Fan

It is the mechanical element that must generate the flow rate "Flow (fluid)") and reach the static pressure necessary to circulate the conditioned air through the installation's duct network.

In air conditioners there may be two fans: one for supplying air to the premises and another for return at the air inlet to the air conditioner, to overcome the loads on the return circuits. Often there is only one, the drive.

Although it is true that axial fans are those that generate the greatest air flow, their physical configuration and low motor torque leaves them below centrifugal fans (sometimes called sirocos) whose ability to provide greater static pressure makes them suitable for this type of equipment, since the air must circulate through the filters, hot and cold coils and duct networks, in which it suffers pressure losses, to the different diffusers of the system.

Air distribution

Once the air is treated, it is distributed throughout the premises through a network of ducts and their corresponding grilles, diffusers, etc.