Characteristics of decent housing
Contenido
El Comité de Derechos Urbanos de Naciones Unidas en su Observación General n.º 4, define y aclara el concepto del derecho a una vivienda digna y adecuada, ya que el derecho a una vivienda no se debe interpretar en un sentido restrictivo simplemente de cobijo sino, que debe considerarse más bien como el derecho a vivir en seguridad, paz y dignidad.
unas de la cosas de una vivienda digna son cocina "Cocina (habitación)"), cama, sofá, lavadora etc.
En distintas constituciones y en algunos países o regiones -en Francia, en Escocia donde desde 2003 está aprobada la Homeless Act,[9] en España la Constitución española regula el derecho a una vivienda digna y adecuada en su artículo 47,[10] también en algunas comunidades autónomas existen leyes que regulan el derecho a la vivienda, así ocurre en Andalucía donde está aprobada la Ley reguladora del Derecho a la vivienda en Andalucía[11][12] o en el País Vasco la Ley de Vivienda del País Vasco"),[13] estos conceptos se amplían relacionando ciudad y vivienda, como también lo ha reconocido la Comisión de Asentamientos Humanos y la Estrategia Mundial de Vivienda, donde el concepto de vivienda digna y adecuada significa también derecho a un espacio adecuado, seguridad adecuada, iluminación y ventilación adecuadas, infraestructuras y equipamientos adecuados, etc.
Por tanto el derecho a una vivienda digna y adecuada, debemos unirlo a que estas viviendas se ubiquen en espacios plenamente equipados, en barrios dotados de servicios urbanos, accesibles, con espacios intermedios de relación que permita la comunicación vecinal, estamos hablando viviendas en unas ciudades vivas") donde es posible el desarrollo familiar y personal a todos los niveles que la sociedad avanzada demanda.
Para que una vivienda sea digna y adecuada, además debe ser:.
Fixed and habitable housing
A home must be fixed and habitable, it must be planned, projected, executed, used and preserved in such a way that the basic requirements of functionality, safety, habitability and accessibility, established by the standards of each country, are met. Where it meets minimum requirements for comfort, climatic insulation (cold, humidity, rain, heat), structural safety, construction quality, among others.
Adequate housing must contain certain services essential for health, safety, comfort and nutrition. All beneficiaries of the right to adequate housing should have permanent access to natural and common resources, drinking water, energy for cooking, heating and lighting, sanitary and toilet facilities, food storage, waste disposal, drainage and emergency services.
Housing quality
In addition to those previously reviewed, other concepts are being introduced for compliance with the Kyoto commitments and thus in certain countries other sustainability and efficiency parameters are beginning to be incorporated, such as those related to adaptation to climatic conditions, minimization of environmental impacts, noise reduction, adequate management of the waste generated, saving and efficient use of water and renewable energy.
Adequate and decent housing must be located in a location that allows access to employment options, facilities, free spaces, accessible to public transportation, health care services, child care centers, schools and other social services. That is to say, housing must be built in fully equipped urban environments. Similarly, housing should not be built in contaminated places or in the immediate proximity of pollution sources that threaten the inhabitants' right to health.
Affordable housing, affordability and protected housing
Decent and adequate housing must be affordable to those who have the right. But especially the legislation and regulations of each country must be granted to population groups in disadvantaged situations or with low purchasing power. For this reason, protected housing policies, in their different rental or ownership regimes, must contemplate protected or affordable prices for people and/or families with limited resources.
The affordability, cost or cost of housing must be such that all people can access it without jeopardizing the enjoyment of other basic needs or satisfactions or the exercise of their human rights.
The UN, in 2018, declared that housing is affordable if a household spends less than 30% of its income on expenses associated with housing (UN, 2018).[5].
Legal security of tenure
The legal security of housing tenure is the legal and also practical fulfillment of the Right to housing. Tenure takes a variety of forms, such as rental (public and private), cooperative housing, home ownership, emergency housing, and public and private accommodation. Whatever the type of tenure, all people should enjoy some degree of security of tenure that guarantees legal protection against eviction, harassment or other threats. States Parties should therefore immediately adopt measures to provide legal security of tenure to individuals and households that currently lack such protection in genuine consultation with affected individuals and groups.